| 1. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Lung function trajectories and associated mortality among adults with and without airway obstruction
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:10, s. 1063-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Spirometry is essential for diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in COPD.Objectives: To identify FEV1 trajectories and their determinants, based on annual spirometry measurements among individuals with and without airway obstruction. Furthermore, to assess mortality in relation to trajectories.Methods: In 2002-04, individuals with airway obstruction (AO) (FEV1/VC<0.70, n=993) and age- and sex-matched non-obstructive (NO) referents were recruited from population-based cohorts. Annual spirometries until 2014 were utilized in joint-survival Latent Class Mixed Models to identify lung function trajectories. Mortality data were collected during 15 years of follow-up.Results: Three trajectories were identified among the AO-cases and two among the NO referents. Trajectory membership was driven by baseline FEV1%predicted (%pred) in both groups and additionaly, pack-years in AO and current smoking in NO. Longitudinal FEV1%pred level depended on baseline FEV1%pred, pack-years and obesity. The trajectories were distributed: 79.6% T1AO FEV1-high with normal decline, 12.8% T2AO FEV1-high with rapid decline, and 7.7% T3AO FEV1-low with normal decline (mean 27, 72 and 26 mL/year) among AO-individuals, and 96.7% T1NO FEV1-high with normal decline and 3.3% T2NO FEV1-high with rapid decline (mean 34 and 173 mL/year) among referents. Hazard for death was increased for T2AO (HR1.56) and T3AO (HR3.45) vs. T1AO, and for T2NO (HR2.99) vs. T1NO.Conclusions: Three different FEV1 trajectories were identified among those with airway obstruction and two among the referents, with different outcomes in terms of FEV1-decline and mortality. The FEV1 trajectories among airway obstructive and the relationship between low FVC and trajectory outcome are of particular clinical interest.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Main, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Aortic rupture after spinal correction for scoliosis in the presence of a thoracic stent graft
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0741-5214 .- 1097-6809. ; 52:6, s. 1653-1657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corrective surgery for scoliosis often results in a lengthening of the spinal column and relative change of the position of the adjacent anatomical structures such as the aorta. The extent of these anatomical changes could be affected by the presence of a rigid aortic stent graft in the descending thoracic aorta. We present a case of aortic rupture after spinal correction for scoliosis in a 56-year-old female with a thoracic aortic stent graft. Extensive elongation of the aorta with concentration of the stress forces at the lower margin of the stent graft resulted in a weakening of the aortic wall and subsequent rupture.
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| 4. |
- Öhman, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Angry Voices from the Past and Present : Effects on Adults' and Children's Earwitness Memory
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1544-4759 .- 1544-4767. ; 10:1, s. 57-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major aim was to examine the effect of the perpetrator’s tone of voice and time delay on voice recognition. In addition, the effect of two types of voice description interviews intended to strengthen voice encoding was tested. Both 11- to 13-year-olds (n = 160) and adults (n = 148) heard an unfamiliar voice for 40 s. The perpetrator either spoke in a normal tone at encoding and in the lineup (congruent), or in an angry tone at encoding and a normal tone in the lineup (incongruent). Witnesses were then interviewed about the voice with global questions or by rating voice characteristics. Half of the witnesses were presented with a lineup shortly after the interview (immediate) and the others after 2 weeks (delayed). Children tested immediately made significantly more correct identifications. This was not the case for adults. (In)congruency between tone of voice and interview type did not significantly affect voice recognition. Witnesses in the congruent–immediate condition performed the best. However, only 25% of the children and 19% of the adults made correct identifications. Poor identification accuracy and the fact that the majority of witnesses believed they would recognise the voice later are reasons for treating voice identification evidence with great caution.
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| 5. |
- Öhman, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing Adults' and Children’s Earwitness Memory : Examining Three Types of Interviews
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 20:2, s. 216-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to find ways to enhance earwitnesses’ memory for voices and content. Another aim was to evaluate an interview protocol used by the Swedish Security Service. Three different types of interviews were compared; the Cognitive Interview, the Swedish Security Service checklist, and a baseline interview. Both 11–13-year-olds (n = 119) and adults (n = 93) were exposed to an unfamiliar voice for 40 seconds and thereafter interviewed. Two weeks later, they were confronted with a seven voice line-up. The overall accuracy for correct identifications was 19.8%. No significant difference was found between the interview conditions. As for content, the results suggest that for adults, the Cognitive Interview may be beneficial for recall of a brief conversation. The checklist used by the Swedish Security Service did not have a positive effect on voice recognition, content recall or for descriptions of voices.
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| 6. |
- Öhman, Lisa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Overhearing the planning of a crime: Do adults outperform children as earwitnesses?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 26:2, s. 118-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the reliability of earwitnesses using an ecologically realistic experimental set-up. A total of 282 participants, distributed over three age-groups (7–9 vs. 11–13 year olds vs. adults), were exposed to an unfamiliar voice for 40 seconds. After a two week delay, they were presented with a 7-voice lineup. Half of the participants were exposed to a target-present lineup (TP), and the other half to a target-absent lineup (TA). For both types of lineups the participants performed poorly. In the TP-condition only the 11–13-year olds (with 27% correct identifications) performed above chance level. Furthermore, in the TA-condition all age-groups showed a high willingness to make an identification (overall mean = 53%). For both groups of children, voice identification co-varied significantly with speaking rate and pitch level, as did pitch variation for the youngest children. Neither factor correlated significantly with the adults’ identifications.
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| 7. |
- Öman, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile phone quality vs. direct quality : How the presentation format affects earwitness identification accuracy
- 2010
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Ingår i: The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context. - : Sociedad Española de Psicología Jurídica y Forense. - 1889-1861 .- 1989-4007. ; 2:2, s. 161-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to gain insight into the effect of mobile phone quality on voice identification using an ecologically realistic design. A total of 165 participants were exposed to an unfamiliar voice, either directly recorded or mobile phone recorded, for 40 seconds. After a two week delay, they were asked to identify the target-voice in a 7 voice target-present line-up. We used a between- subjects design, where half of the subjects were exposed to a directly recorded line-up, and the other half to a mobile phone recorded line-up. Data analysis did not show any significant effect of presentation format or line-up format. These results suggest that the detrimental effect on voice recognition suggested by the poorer sound quality of mobile phone recordings is minimal. They also indicate that there is no benefit from conducting a mobile phone recorded line-up, if the voice is originally heard over a mobile phone. More research is needed, however, before definitive conclusions may be drawn. The overall accuracy for correct identifications was 12.7% which is expected by chance. Further, one particular foil attracted 54% of all false identifications. Future research should focus on explaining why earwitnesses perform so poorly and develop methods to improve identification accuracy.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Sören, et al.
(författare)
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Säsongslagring av värme i berg
- 1981
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Ingår i: Byggnadskonst. - 0007-7593. ; 73:11, s. 45-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease in prevalence of COPD in Sweden after decades of decrease in smoking
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The smoking prevalence in Sweden has steadily decreased during three decades. The prevalence of COPD in Sweden in the 1990s and around the millennium shift was similar to neighboring European countries, i.e. estimated at 11-17%, and of moderate to severe COPD to 7-11%, in ages over 40y.Aim: Has the prevalence of chronic airway obstruction (CAO) and of COPD in Sweden decreased after decades of decreasing smoking prevalence?Methods: Within two large scale population studies in progress, the West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS) and the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies (OLIN), the prevalence of COPD in ages 41-72y was calculated among randomly selected subjects from the general population in 2009-2012. The following post-bronchodilator definitions were used; CAO: FEV1/FVCResults: The prevalence of CAO based on the FEV1/FVCConclusion: As prevalence of COPD defined as chronic airway obstruction before and around the millennium shift was estimated at 11-17% in ages >40 years, the prevalence of COPD has decreased in Sweden, and the decrease in smoking over decades is probably the main causal factor.
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