| 1. |
- Callaghan, Terry, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Decadal Changes in Tundra Environments and Ecosystems : Synthesis of the International Polar Year-Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:6, s. 705-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the responses of tundra systemsto global change has global implications. Most tundraregions lack sustained environmental monitoring and oneof the only ways to document multi-decadal change is toresample historic research sites. The International PolarYear (IPY) provided a unique opportunity for such researchthrough the Back to the Future (BTF) project (IPY project#512). This article synthesizes the results from 13 paperswithin this Ambio Special Issue. Abiotic changes includeglacial recession in the Altai Mountains, Russia; increasedsnow depth and hardness, permafrost warming, andincreased growing season length in sub-arctic Sweden;drying of ponds in Greenland; increased nutrient availabilityin Alaskan tundra ponds, and warming at mostlocations studied. Biotic changes ranged from relativelyminor plant community change at two sites in Greenland tomoderate change in the Yukon, and to dramatic increasesin shrub and tree density on Herschel Island, and in subarcticSweden. The population of geese tripled at one sitein northeast Greenland where biomass in non-grazed plotsdoubled. A model parameterized using results from a BTFstudy forecasts substantial declines in all snowbeds andincreases in shrub tundra on Niwot Ridge, Colorado overthe next century. In general, results support and provideimproved capacities for validating experimental manipulation,remote sensing, and modeling studies.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Kristofer L. E., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of a Biomimetic Oxidation Catalyst Immobilized on Silicon Wafers : Comparison with Its Gold Congener
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:21, s. 16349-16354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim of extending the usefulness of an existing biomimetic catalytic system, cobalt porphyrin catalytic units with thiol linkers were heterogenized via chemical grafting to silicon wafers and utilized for the catalytic oxidation of hydroquinone to p-benzoquinone. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the morphology and composition of the heterogeneous catalyst. The results of the catalytic oxidation of hydroquinone obtained with porphyrins grafted on silicon were compared with those obtained earlier with the same catalyst in homogeneous phase and immobilized on gold. It was found that the catalysis could run over 400 h, without showing any sign of deactivation. The measured catalytic activity is at least 10 times higher than that measured under homogeneous conditions, but also 10 times lower than that observed with the catalytic unit immobilized on gold. The reasons of this discrepancy are discussed in term of substrate influence and overlayer organization. The silicon-immobilized catalyst has potential as an advanced functional material with applications in oxidative heterogeneous catalysis of organic reactions, as it combines long-term relatively high activity with low cost.
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| 3. |
- Van Doesum, Niels J., et al.
(författare)
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Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one's location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries' better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits.
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