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- Hemeren, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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The Use of Visual Cues to Determine the Intent of Cyclists in Traffic
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE International Inter-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA). - : IEEE Press. - 9781479935635 - 9781479935642 ; , s. 47-51
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this research was to answer the following central questions: 1) How accurate are human observers at predicting the behavior of cyclists as the cyclists approached a crossing? 2) If the accuracy is reliably better than chance, what cues were used to make the predictions? 3) At what distance from the crossing did the most critical cues occur? 4) Can the cues be used in a model that can reliably predict cyclist intent? We present results that show a number of indicators that can be used in to predict the intention of a cyclist, i.e., future actions of a cyclist, e.g., “left turn” or “continue forward” etc.Results of empirical studies show that humans are reasonably good at this type of prediction for a majority of the situations studied. However, some situations seem to contain conflicting information. The results also suggested that human prediction of intention is to a large extent relying on a single “strong” indicator, e.g., that the cyclist makes a clear “head movement”. Several “weaker" indicators that together could be a strong “combined indicator”, or equivalently strong evidence, is likely to be missed or too complex to be handled by humans in real-time. We suggest this line of research can be used to create decision support systems that predict the behavior of cyclists in traffic.
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- Hemeren, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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URBANIST : Signaler som används för att avläsa cyklisters intentioner i trafiken
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Genom att titta på ett fåtal bestämda signaler kan man med god träffsäkerhet förutsäga cyklisters beteende, vilket tyder på att de identifierade signalerna är betydelsefulla. Vetskapen om dessa kan, bland annat, praktiskt användas för att utveckla enkla hjälpmedel – såsom medveten placering av fluorescerande eller reflekterande material på leder och/eller införande av olikfärgade hjälmsidor. Dylika kan förväntas förstärka kommunikationen av viktiga signaler. Vetskapen kan även användas för att utbilda oerfarna bilförare. Båda fallen kan i förlängningen ge en säkrare trafikmiljö för oskyddade trafikanter.
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- Andler, Sten F., et al.
(författare)
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DeeDS : Towards a Distributed and Active Real-Time Database Systems
- 1996
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Ingår i: ACM Sigmod Record. ; 25:1, s. 38-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DeeDS combines active database functionality with critical timing constraints and integrated system monitoring. Since the reactive database mechanisms, or rule management system, must meet critical deadlines, we must employ methods that make triggering of rules and execution of actions predictable. We will focus on the scheduling issues associated with dynamic scheduling of workloads where the triggered transactions have hard, firm or soft deadlines, and how transient overloads may be resolved by substituting transactions by computationally cheaper ones. The rationale for a loosely coupled general purpose event monitoring facility, that works in tight connection with the scheduler, is presented. For performance and predictability, the scheduler and event monitor are executing on a separate CPU from the rest of the system. Real-time database accesses in DeeDS are made predictable and efficient by employing methods such as main memory resident data, full replication, eventual consistency, and prevention of global deadlocks.
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- Browall, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical manifestations of invasive pneumococcal disease by vaccine and non-vaccine types
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 44:6, s. 1646-1657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs) have shown protection against invasive pneumococcal disease by vaccine serotypes, but an increase in non-vaccine serotype disease has been observed. Type-specific effects on clinical manifestation need to be explored.Clinical data from 2096 adults and 192 children with invasive pneumococcal disease were correlated to pneumococcal molecular serotypes. Invasive disease potential for pneumococcal serotypes were calculated using 165 invasive and 550 carriage isolates from children.The invasive disease potential was lower for non-PCV13 compared to vaccine-type strains. Patients infected with non-PCV13 strains had more underlying diseases, were less likely to have pneumonia and, in adults, tended to have a higher mortality. Furthermore, patients infected with pneumococci belonging to clonal serotypes only expressing non-PCV13 capsules had a higher risk for septicaemia and mortality.PCV vaccination will probably lead to a decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease but an alteration in the clinical manifestation of invasive pneumococcal disease. Genetic lineages causing invasive pneumococcal disease in adults often express non-vaccine serotypes, which can expand after vaccination with an increased risk of infection in patients with underlying diseases.
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- Verma, Deepti, et al.
(författare)
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Two Adult Siblings with Atypical Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS) due to a Novel M299V Mutation in the NLRP3 Gene.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : American College of Rheumatology. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 62:7, s. 2138-2143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The NALP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that triggers caspase 1–mediated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release. Mutations in the gene encoding NALP3 (NLRP3) underlie the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). The aim of this study was to report a novel NLRP3 mutation in 2 siblings of Swedish descent in whom symptoms first presented in adulthood.Methods: Mutation analysis of NLRP3 was performed on DNA from patients with CAPS and 100 control subjects. For assessment of caspase 1 and IL-1β, blood was collected from patients and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Genetic constructs containing mutant or wild-type NLRP3 were transduced into THP-1 cells, followed by assessment of IL-1β levels in cell supernatant.Results: Both siblings carried a novel M299V mutation in NLRP3, which was not present in the control population. The samples obtained from the patients displayed increased caspase 1 activity and elevated IL-1β levels at basal conditions as compared with healthy control subjects. THP-1 cells expressing mutated M299V revealed almost 10-fold higher IL-1β production compared with the wild-type construct.Conclusion: M299V is an activating mutation in NLRP3 resulting in elevated spontaneous caspase 1 activity and IL-1β levels. The classic CAPS phenotype was lacking in these adult siblings. Whereas one sibling displayed a milder phenotype that has so far responded satisfactorily to oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in combination with low-dose corticosteroids, the inflammatory symptoms in the sibling with the more severe case responded well to IL-1β blockade. Understanding the pathogenic mechanism underlying such disorders can be helpful for the physician. Our study reinforces the importance of genetic testing and laboratory investigations in combination with careful phenotypic evaluation for the diagnosis of such patients.
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