| 1. |
- Yang, J., et al.
(författare)
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Substrate surface finish effects on scratch resistance and failure mechanisms of TiN-coated hardmetals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 265, s. 174-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the influence of substrate surface finish on scratch resistance and associated failure mechanisms is investigated in the case of a TiN-coated hardmetal. Three different surface finish conditions are studied: as-sintered (AS), ground (G), and mirror-like polished (P). For G conditioned samples, scratch tests are conducted both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the grinding grooves. It is found that coated AS, G and P samples exhibit similar critical load for initial substrate exposure and the same brittle adhesive failure mode. However, the damage scenarios are different, i.e. the substrate exposure is discrete and localized to the scratch tracks for G samples while a more pronounced and continuous exposure is seen for AS and P ones. Aiming to understand the role played by the grinding-induced compressive residual stresses, the study is extended to coated systems where ground substrates are thermal annealed (for relieving stresses) before being ion etched and coated. It yielded lower critical loads and changes in the mechanisms for the scratch-related failure; the latter depending on the relative orientation between scratching and grinding directions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Yang, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of advanced characterisation techniques for assessment of grinding effects on the surface integrity of WC-Co cemented carbides
- 2018
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Ingår i: Powder Metallurgy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0032-5899 .- 1743-2901. ; 61:2, s. 100-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grinding is a key step on the manufacturing process of WC-Co cemented carbides (hardmetals). In this work, an investigation of grinding effects on the surface integrity of hardmetals is conducted. It is done by combining diverse advanced characterisation techniques: X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction, focused ion beam - 3D tomography and transmission electron microscopy. The study is carried out in a fine-grained WC-Co grade. Besides ground state, polished surface finish condition is assessed for comparison purposes. It is evidenced that grinding induces significant alterations: 3D tomography illustrates microcracking exists down to 2.5 mu m depth with a highly anisotropic distribution at the subsurface, large compressive residual stresses extending until subsurface levels of about 12 mu m, and phase transformation of binder from the original fcc phase into the hcp one, as well as severe plastic deformation observed within the binder at the surface level.
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| 3. |
- Yang, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Thermally induced surface integrity changes of ground WC-Co hardmetals
- 2016
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Ingår i: 3RD CIRP CONFERENCE ON SURFACE INTEGRITY. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 91-94
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ground hardmetals are exposed to high temperatures during both processing (e.g. coating deposition) and use (e.g. as a cutting tool). However, studies on thermally induced changes of surface integrity are limited. Here we address this by means of FIB/FESEM and EBSD investigation, with special focus on the binder phase characterization. Our findings indicate that thermal treatment causes two main surface modifications. First, an unexpected microporosity appears in the binder within the subsurface layer when ground surfaces are heated. Second, the metallic phase underneath the ground surface experiences metallurgical changes, in terms of grain and crystallographic phase structures. The mechanisms responsible for these modifications of the binder are discussed in terms of grinding-induced and thermally-reversed phase transformation as well as recrystallization phenomena. We also note that no additional heat treatment related changes such as microcracking and carbide fragmentation in the subsurface layer, are discerned. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 4. |
- Yang, J., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical strength of ground WC-Co cemented carbides after coating deposition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 689, s. 72-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing of hardmetal tools often involves surface grinding, ion etching and final coating. Each stage throughout the manufacturing chain introduces surface integrity changes which may be critical for defining the final mechanical behavior of the coated tools. Within this context, an experimental test program has been developed to assess the influence of a coating (TiN) deposition on surface integrity and transverse rupture strength of a previously ground fine-grained WC-Co grade substrate. Four different substrate surface finish conditions (prior to ion etching and coating) were evaluated: as sintered (AS), ground (G), polished (P), and ground plus high temperature annealing (GTO. Surface integrity and fracture resistance characterization, complemented with a detailed fractographic analysis, were performed on both uncoated and coated samples. Results show that the surface integrity after grinding has been partly modified during the ion etching and film deposition processes, particularly in terms of a reduced compressive residual stress state at the substrate surface level. Consequently, the grinding induced strength enhancement in hardmetals is reduced for coated specimens. Main reason behind it is the change of nature, location and stress state acting on critical flaw: from processing defects existing at the subsurface (uncoated G specimens) to grinding-induced microcracks located close to the interface between coating and substrate, but within the subsurface of the latter (coated G specimens). This is not the case for AS and P conditions, where flexural strength does not change a result of ion etching and coating. Finally, fracture resistance increases slightly for GTT specimens after coating process, possibly caused by a beneficial effect of the deposited film on the residual stress state at the surface.
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