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Sökning: WFRF:(Fall Katja) > Naturvetenskap

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1.
  • Fang, Xin, et al. (författare)
  • Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality : A systematic review and dose-based meta-regression analysis of prospective studies
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. - Jena, Germany : Elsevier. - 0946-672X .- 1878-3252. ; 38, s. 64-73
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Although epidemiology studies have reported the relationship, including a dose-response relationship, between dietary magnesium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the risk for CVD mortality is inconclusive and the evidence for a dose-response relationship has not been summarized.Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize the evidence regarding the association of dietary magnesium intake with risk of CVD mortality and describe their dose-response relationship.Design: We identified relevant studies by searching major scientific literature databases and grey literature resources from their inception to August 2015, and reviewed references lists of retrieved articles. We included population-based studies that reported mortality risks, i.e. relative risks (RRs), odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD mortality or cause-specific CVD death. Linear dose-response relationships were assessed using random-effects meta-regression. Potential nonlinear associations were evaluated using restricted cubic splines.Results: Out of 3002 articles, 9 articles from 8 independent studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies comprised 449,748 individuals and 10,313 CVD deaths. Compared with the lowest dietary magnesium consumption group in the population, the risk of CVD mortality was reduced by 16% in women and 8% in men. No significant linear dose-response relationship was found between increment in dietary magnesium intake and CVD mortality across all the studies. After adjusting for age and BMI, the risk of CVD mortality was reduced by 24-25% per 100 mg/d increment in dietary magnesium intake in women of all the participants and in all the US participants.Conclusion: Although the combined data confirm the role of dietary magnesium intake in reducing CVD mortality, the dose-response relationship was only found among women and in US population.
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3.
  • Markt, Sarah C., et al. (författare)
  • Sniffing out significant "Pee values" : genome wide association study of asparagus anosmia
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. - London, United Kingdom : B M J Group. - 1756-1833. ; 355
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To determine the inherited factors associated with the ability to smell asparagus metabolites in urine.Design: Genome wide association study.Sstting: Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohorts.Participants: 6909 men and women of European-American descent with available genetic data from genome wide association studies.Main outcome measure: Participants were characterized as asparagus smellers if they strongly agreed with the prompt "after eating asparagus, you notice a strong characteristic odor in your urine," and anosmic if otherwise. We calculated per-allele estimates of asparagus anosmia for about nine million single nucleotide polymorphisms using logistic regression. P values <5×10(-8) were considered as genome wide significant.Results: 58.0% of men (n=1449/2500) and 61.5% of women (n=2712/4409) had anosmia. 871 single nucleotide polymorphisms reached genome wide significance for asparagus anosmia, all in a region on chromosome 1 (1q44: 248139851-248595299) containing multiple genes in the olfactory receptor 2 (OR2) family. Conditional analyses revealed three independent markers associated with asparagus anosmia: rs13373863, rs71538191, and rs6689553.Conclusion: A large proportion of people have asparagus anosmia. Genetic variation near multiple olfactory receptor genes is associated with the ability of an individual to smell the metabolites of asparagus in urine. Future replication studies are necessary before considering targeted therapies to help anosmic people discover what they are missing.
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