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- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(author)
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Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
- 2020
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In: Nature medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 26:5, s. 750-759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
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- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(author)
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- 2020
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
- Cromwell, EA, et al.
(author)
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Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning
- 2021
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In: PLoS neglected tropical diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2735. ; 15:7, s. e0008824-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 × 5-km resolution across Africa. In order to classify IUs that include locations that are environmentally suitable, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify an optimal threshold for suitability concordant with locations where onchocerciasis has been previously detected. This threshold value was then used to classify IUs (more suitable or less suitable) based on the location within the IU with the largest mean prediction. Mean estimates of environmental suitability suggest large areas across West and Central Africa, as well as focal areas of East Africa, are suitable for onchocerciasis transmission, consistent with the presence of current control and elimination of transmission efforts. The ROC analysis identified a mean environmental suitability index of 0·71 as a threshold to classify based on the location with the largest mean prediction within the IU. Of the IUs considered for mapping surveys, 50·2% exceed this threshold for suitability in at least one 5 × 5-km location. The formidable scale of data collection required to map onchocerciasis endemicity across the African continent presents an opportunity to use spatial data to identify areas likely to be suitable for onchocerciasis transmission. National onchocerciasis elimination programmes may wish to consider prioritising these IUs for mapping surveys as human resources, laboratory capacity, and programmatic schedules may constrain survey implementation, and possibly delaying MDA initiation in areas that would ultimately qualify.
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- Rehman, S., et al.
(author)
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Maximum Acceptable Concentrations of DBDS, Sulphur Mercaptan and Optimal Concentration of Passivators for Safe and Prolonged Operation of Power Transformers
- 2016
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In: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation. - 1070-9878 .- 1558-4135. ; 23:4, s. 2438-2442
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study presents the results of experimental investigation of finding out the maximum acceptable concentrations of DBDS, sulfur mercaptan, and optimal concentration of passivator for safe and prolonged operation of power transformers in the local environmental conditions of Saudi Arabia. For experimental investigation of optimal concentrations of DBDS and sulfur mercaptan, new oil free of sulfur compounds was acquired. Four specimens of this were spiked with different concentrations of DBDS and another four with free sulfur mercaptan RSH concentrations. The covered conductor deposition (CCD) tests were performed in accordance with IEC 62535 method on all the specimens. Next, to study the effect of passivator concentrations and temperatures on corrosive sulfur formation, 10 specimens from new oil were spiked with different concentrations of BTA and Irgamet 39. Copper strips were immersed in these specimens and the vials containing the oil and the copper strips were subjected to different temperature from 50 to 150 degrees C for 24 hours in the oven. The experimental results indicated that the concentration of DBDS should always be <4 ppm and sulfur mercaptan < 1 ppm in the new oils before putting in to the service. Based on the effectiveness of the passivators, BTA was found to be effective with 50 ppm concentration at 150 degrees C compared to Irgamet 39 which was effective only with 150 ppm concentration.
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