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- Fellman, Vineta, et al.
(author)
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Cortical auditory event-related potentials in newborn infants.
- 2006
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In: Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-0946 .- 1744-165X. ; 11:6, s. 452-458
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The possibility of recording changes in electroencephalography potentials following perception of sound was reported several decades ago. The recent expanding research on auditory cortical event-retated potentials (AERPs) for assessing sound discrimination abilities in children and infants has indicated that several methodological issues need to be addressed before it can be implemented in clinical practice. Latencies, polarities, and amplitudes of the responses change with gestational age and during infancy. Thus, the maturation of the infant must be considered when designing stimulus paradigms and interpreting the responses. Of healthy newborn infants, only about 80% will show mismatch negativity, the automatic change detection of the auditory stimuli. Currently, the AERP method cannot be applied in clinical practice in the neonatal period, although the findings in healthy newborns at risk for dyslexia are promising. Further research will elucidate the possibility of developing AERPs as a possible early screening method during infancy for later dyslexia or cognitive dysfunction.
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Kushnerenko, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Processing acoustic change and novelty in newborn infants
- 2007
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In: European Journal of Neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 1460-9568 .- 0953-816X. ; 26:1, s. 265-274
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research on event-related potential (ERP) correlates of auditory deviance-detection in newborns provided inconsistent results; temporal and topographic ERP characteristics differed widely across studies and individual infants. Robust and reliable ERP responses were, however, obtained to sounds (termed 'novel' sounds), which cover a wide range of frequencies and widely differ from the context provided by a repeating sound [Kushnerenko et al., (2002) NeuroReport, 13, 1843-1848]. The question we investigated here is whether this effect can be attributed to novelty per se or to acoustic characteristics of the 'novel' sounds, such as their wide frequency spectrum and high signal energy compared with the repeated tones. We also asked how sensitivity to these stimulus aspects changes with development. Twelve newborns and 11 adults were tested in four different oddball conditions, each including a 'standard' sound presented with the probability of 0.8 and two types of infrequent 'deviant' sounds (0.1 probability, each). Deviants were (i) 'novel' sounds (diverse environmental noises); (ii) white-noise segments, or harmonic tones of (iii) a higher pitch, or (iv) higher intensity. In newborns, white-noise deviants elicited the largest response in all latency ranges, whereas in adults, this phenomenon was not found. Thus, newborns appear to be especially sensitive to sounds having a wide frequency spectrum. On the other hand, the pattern of results found for the late discriminative ERP response indicates that newborns may also be able to detect novelty in acoustic stimulation, although with a longer latency than adults, as shown by the ERP response. Results are discussed in terms of developmental refinement of the initially broadly tuned neonate auditory system.
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| 5. |
- Mikkola, Kaija, et al.
(author)
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Auditory event-related potentials and cognitive function of preterm children at five years of age
- 2007
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In: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8952 .- 1388-2457. ; 118:7, s. 1494-1502
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: In our previous study, auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) in preterm 1-year-old children had a positive deflection at 150-350 ms that correlated positively with their 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome. In a study of the same subjects at age 5, our aim was to assess AERPs and their relationship to neuropsychological test results. Methods: Preterm small (SGA, n = 13), appropriate for gestational age (AGA, n = 15), and control (n = 13) children were assessed with an Easy paradigm presenting a large frequency change accompanied with occasional novel sounds, and a Challenging paradigm presenting small frequency and duration changes with a rapid rate. The preterm children underwent neurocognitive tests. Results: Easy paradigm. The P1 response to frequency deviant was smaller and MMN larger in the preterm than in the control children. Challenging paradigm. The P1 response to standard, frequency, and duration deviants was smaller in the preterm than in the control children. The N2 response to frequency deviant was larger in the preterm than in the control children. AGA and SGA children had similar AERPs. The P1, N2, and MMN amplitudes correlated with verbal IQ and NEPSY language subtests. Conclusions: Small P1 response(s) appears to be typical for preterm children. Significance: Small P1 response in preterm children may suggest altered primary auditory processing. (c) 2007 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Novitski, Nikolai, et al.
(author)
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Neonatal frequency discrimination in 250-4000-Hz range: Electrophysiological evidence
- 2007
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In: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8952 .- 1388-2457. ; 118:2, s. 412-419
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The precision of sound frequency discrimination in newborn infants in the 250-4000-Hz frequency range was determined using the neonatal electrophysiological mismatch response (MMR), the infant equivalent of adult mismatch negativity (MMN). Methods: The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in I 1 full-term sleeping newborn infants mostly in active sleep (67 % of the time). Pure tones were presented through loudspeakers in an oddball paradigm with a 800-ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Each stimulus block contained a standard (p = 0.76) of 250, 1000, or 4000 Hz in frequency (in separate blocks) and deviants with a frequency change of either 5% or 20% of the standard (p = 0.12 of each). Results: A positive ERP deflection was found at 200-300 ms from stimulus onset in response to the 20% deviation from the 250, 1000, and 4000 Hz standard frequencies. The amplitude of the response in the 200-300 ms time window was significantly larger for the 20% than 5% deviation. Conclusions: We observed in newborn infants automatic frequency discrimination as reflected by a positive MMR. The newborns were able to discriminate frequency change of 20% in the 250-4000-Hz frequency range, whereas the discrimination of the 5% frequency change was not statistically confirmed. Significance: The present data hence suggest that the neonatal frequency discrimination has lower resolution than that in adult and older children data. (c) 2006 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Ruusuvirta, Timo, et al.
(author)
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Numerical discrimination in newborn infants as revealed by event-related potentials to tone sequences
- 2009
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In: European Journal of Neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 1460-9568 .- 0953-816X. ; 30:8, s. 1620-1624
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Humans are able to attentively discriminate number from 6 months of age. However, the age of the emergence of this ability at the pre-attentive stage of processing remains unclear. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in newborn human infants aged from 3 to 5 days. At 500-ms intervals, the infants were passively exposed to 200-ms sequences of four tones. Each tone could be either 1000 or 1500 Hz in frequency. In most sequences (standards), the ratio of the tones of one frequency to those of the other frequency in a sequence was 2 : 2. In the remaining sequences (deviants, P = 0.1), this ratio was either 3 : 1 or 4 : 0. The mismatch response of ERPs could not be found for 3 : 1 deviants, but it was a robust finding for 4 : 0 deviants, showing the neurophysiological ability of the infants to register the larger deviant-standard difference. The findings suggest very early sensitivity to auditory numerical information in infancy.
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| 8. |
- Sambeth, Anke, et al.
(author)
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Change detection in newborns using a multiple deviant paradigm: A study using magnetoencephalography
- 2009
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In: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8952 .- 1388-2457. ; 120:3, s. 530-538
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Mismatch responses are elicited to changes in sound streams in healthy newborns. In the ideal case, these responses can predict cognitive problems later in life. We employed a multiple deviant paradigm for a fast assessment of the ability of the newborn brain to respond to various types of acoustic changes. Methods: In 12 healthy newborns, we recorded all electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram while presenting auditory stimuli. Between repeated stimuli, four types of acoustic changes (frequency intensity, duration, and a gap) were presented, varying in deviance magnitude. Results: One major response was present in the neonatal evoked potentials and fields at 250-260 ms. Magnetic mismatch responses were elicited to all change types except for the duration deviant and they were positive in polarity. The frequency deviant elicited more positive EEG amplitudes than the standard, whereas the response to the duration deviant was more negative. Conclusions: These results show that newborns can detect changes to at least four types of deviances within a Sound stream. Furthermore, the use of magneto- and electroencephalography is complementary in newborns, since the methods may reveal different outcomes. Significance: Further studies are warranted to determine whether the present study design can play a role in testing auditory function in clinical infant populations. (C) 2009 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Sambeth, Anke, et al.
(author)
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Sleeping newborns extract prosody from continuous speech
- 2008
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In: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8952 .- 1388-2457. ; 119:2, s. 332-341
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Behavioral experiments show that infants use both prosodic and statistical cues in acquiring language. However, it is not yet clear whether these prosodic and statistical tools are already present at birth. Methods: We recorded brain responses of sleeping newborns to natural sounds rich in prosody, namely singing and continuous speech, and to two impoverished manipulations of speech. A total of 11 newborns were presented with continuous speech, singing, and degraded speech, while MEG was recorded. Results: We found that a brain response elicited to the prosodically rich singing and continuous natural speech conditions decreased dramatically when the prosody in the speech was impoverished. Conclusions: We claim that this response is the indicator of the infants' sensitivity to prosodic cues in language, which is already present at birth during natural sleep. Significance: The indicators of detection of prosody may be crucial in assessing the normal and abnormal cortical function in newborns, especially of those infants at-risk for language problems.
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| 10. |
- Stefanics, Gabor, et al.
(author)
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Auditory temporal grouping in newborn infants
- 2007
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In: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 44:5, s. 697-702
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adults normally perceive auditory scenes in terms of sound patterns emitted by concurrently active sources. Thus pattern formation is an important process of auditory object perception. The aim of the present study was to determine whether neonates group sounds by repeating pitch patterns. Standard ("S"; p = 80%) and deviant tones ("D", p = 20%) differing only in pitch were delivered either in a randomized order (random condition) or in a repeating SSSSD pattern (grouped condition). Both event-related brain potentials and gamma-band activity differed between the S and D tones in the random condition but not in the grouped condition. These results suggest that in the grouped condition, the S and D tones were processed as part of the same higher order regularity by the neonate auditory system. Also, for the first time, we observed oscillatory gamma-band activity in neonates, which was sensitive to infrequent pitch changes.
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