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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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- Han, Meng, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of the effect of air split ratio on thermoacoustic instability in a centrally-staged swirl burner
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physics of Fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 34:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on one of the critical design parameters of lean premixed (LPM) combustors-the air split ratio (ASR) between the pilot and main stages. The effect of the air split ratio on thermoacoustic instability is experimentally studied based on a centrally staged model combustor. It is found that the thermoacoustic instability is suppressed with the ASR higher than 20%. The acoustic modes of ASR lower than 20% are dominated by the main stage mode, while the others are controlled by the pilot stage mode. The time-averaged flame shapes and the flame dynamics are processed and discussed. With the increase in ASR, the pilot flame becomes longer, whereas the main flame becomes shorter. Meanwhile, the pilot and main flames become less separated. Moreover, the flame in the outer shear layer (OSL) is extinguished, which is the key to suppressing the thermoacoustic instability. The flame with lower ASR exhibits large-scale periodic axial motion of flame dynamics. The flow fields of ASR = 15% (unstable) and ASR = 30% (stable) are analyzed and discussed to help reveal the differences in thermoacoustic instability between the two cases. It is found that the primary recirculation zone is smaller with ASR = 30%. Higher vorticity and strain rate distributions found in the OSL are believed to quench the flame there. The present study illustrates that a higher air split ratio improves the thermoacoustic stability, which is helpful in designing LPM combustors.
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- Xiong, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Small molecule Z363 co-regulates TAF10 and MYC via the E3 ligase TRIP12 to suppress tumour growth
- 2023
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Ingår i: CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE. - : JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD. - 2001-1326. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe MYC oncoprotein, also known as the master regulator of genes, is a transcription factor that regulates numerous physiological processes, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, protein synthesis and cell adhesion, among others. MYC is overexpressed in approximately 70% of human cancers. Given its pervasive role in cancer biology, MYC down-regulation has become an attractive cancer treatment strategy. MethodsThe CRISPR/Cas9 method was used to produce KO cell models. Western blot was used to analyzed the expressions of MYC and TATA-binding proteinassociated factors 10 (TAF10) in cancer cells (MCF7, A549, HepG2 cells) Cell culture studies were performed to determine the mechanisms by which small molecules (Z363119456, Z363) affects MYC and TAF10 expressions and functions. Mouse studies were carried out to investigate the impact of Z363 regulation on tumor growth. ResultsZ363 activate Thyroid hormone Receptor-interacting Protein 12 (TRIP12), which phosphorylates MYC at Thr58, resulting in MYC ubiquitination and degradation and thereby regulating MYC target genes. Importantly, TRIP12 also induces TAF10 degradation, which reduces MYC protein levels. TRIP12, an E3 ligase, controls MYC levels both directly and indirectly by inhibiting MYC or TAF10 activity. ConclusionsIn summary,these results demonstrate the anti-cancer properties of Z363, a small molecule that is co-regulated by TAF10 and MYC.
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- Yu, ChaoQing, et al.
(författare)
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Managing nitrogen to restore water quality in China
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 567:7749, s. 516-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nitrogen cycle has been radically changed by human activities(1). China consumes nearly one third of the world's nitrogen fertilizers. The excessive application of fertilizers(2,3) and increased nitrogen discharge from livestock, domestic and industrial sources have resulted in pervasive water pollution. Quantifying a nitrogen 'boundary'(4) in heterogeneous environments is important for the effective management of local water quality. Here we use a combination of water-quality observations and simulated nitrogen discharge from agricultural and other sources to estimate spatial patterns of nitrogen discharge into water bodies across China from 1955 to 2014. We find that the critical surface-water quality standard (1.0 milligrams of nitrogen per litre) was being exceeded in most provinces by the mid-1980s, and that current rates of anthropogenic nitrogen discharge (14.5 +/- 3.1 megatonnes of nitrogen per year) to fresh water are about 2.7 times the estimated 'safe' nitrogen discharge threshold (5.2 +/- 0.7 megatonnes of nitrogen per year). Current efforts to reduce pollution through wastewater treatment and by improving cropland nitrogen management can partially remedy this situation. Domestic wastewater treatment has helped to reduce net discharge by 0.7 +/- 0.1 megatonnes in 2014, but at high monetary and energy costs. Improved cropland nitrogen management could remove another 2.3 +/- 0.3 megatonnes of nitrogen per year-about 25 per cent of the excess discharge to fresh water. Successfully restoring a clean water environment in China will further require transformational changes to boost the national nutrient recycling rate from its current average of 36 per cent to about 87 per cent, which is a level typical of traditional Chinese agriculture. Although ambitious, such a high level of nitrogen recycling is technologically achievable at an estimated capital cost of approximately 100 billion US dollars and operating costs of 18-29 billion US dollars per year, and could provide co-benefits such as recycled wastewater for crop irrigation and improved environmental quality and ecosystem services.
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