| 1. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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| 2. |
- Ferrari, A. C., et al.
(författare)
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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 7:11, s. 4598-4810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.
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| 3. |
- Milstead, David A., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker in Run 1 of the LHC: Tracker properties
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1748-0221. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tracking performance parameters of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) as part of the ATLAS inner detector are described in this paper for different data-taking conditions in proton-proton, proton-lead and lead-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The performance is studied using data collected during the first period of LHC operation (Run 1) and is compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The performance of the TRT, operating with two different gas mixtures (xenon-based and argon-based) and its dependence on the TRT occupancy is presented. These studies show that the tracking performance of the TRT is similar for the two gas mixtures and that a significant contribution to the particle momentum resolution is made by the TRT up to high particle densities. © CERN 2017 for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
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| 4. |
- Ferrari, P., et al.
(författare)
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On the evaluation of LoRaWAN virtual channels orthogonality for dense distributed systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Measurement and Network (M&N). - : IEEE. - 9781509056798 ; , s. 85-90
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet of Things (IoT) aims at collecting data from billions of devices connected altogether. Despite there is no one technology able to cope with all possible scenarios, LPWAN solutions are emerging as viable technologies for implementing private, low-cost cellular like wireless networks. Distributed systems could leverage this approach as a driving technology for services as smart environment sensing, pervasive sensing and soon. In the considered scenario, the capacity of the network is of main importance; even if communication is sporadic for most of the time, an event observed by many nodes results in a huge amount of simultaneous transmissions. Are the IoT technologies usable to this end? In this paper LoRaWAN technology is investigated, with the aim of evaluating the orthogonality of virtual channels permitted by the LoRa physical layer. In particular, measurements demonstrated that overlapping transmissions having the same power at the receiver can be correctly decoded if occurring with different spreading factors, whereas co-spread messages require at least 4ms spacing.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ferrari, P., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of communication latency in industrial IoT applications
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Measurement and Networking, M and N 2017 - Proceedings. - 9781509056798
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea of Industry 4.0 includes the concept of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) that is the possibility for industrial devices to have Internet connection and share data. Huge amount of data are stored and analyzed in the Cloud to extract meaningful information to be sold as 'services'. Today, many Industry 4.0 scenarios do not require a short latency between data collection and output reaction, but it is expected that short latency services would be seen by the market as a distinctive quality. This paper deals with the estimation of latency in transferring data from the field (where the production takes place) to the Cloud and then back to field. Since IIoT natively refers to worldwide applications, the paper analyzes some cases where interacting nodes are deployed in different continents. The experimental results show that simple solutions based on widely accepted lightweight protocols (e.g. MQTT) and inexpensive industrial grade IoT devices are feasible. From the performance point of view, when using free access Cloud servers, they can achieve round trip latency down to 300 ms with standard deviation of about 20 ms over one-week observation time.
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