| 1. |
- Almeida, N. C., et al.
(författare)
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Proposal of a Hybrid LoRa Mesh / LoRaWAN Network
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728148922 ; , s. 702-707
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a recent interest in the deployment of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), such as LoRaWAN, to support Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Even though the main advantage of these LPWANs are the long rage communication, the challenge of providing seamless and shadow area coverage still remains. This paper presents a proposal of a hybrid LoRa Mesh/LoRaWAN network to cope with this challenge. In this proposal, a mesh network of LoRa nodes are connected to a Proxy node that works as a mesh coordinator and is also connected to the LoRaWAN network. The advantage of this topology is the improvement of the communication coverage in shadow areas where a regular LoRaWAN node cannot be reachable in cases of obstacles or topography. The development of the LoRa Mesh network as well as the routing mechanism are presented and verified with experimental results. Finally, the integration of the LoRa Mesh with the LoRaWAN networks is discussed and a proposal is presented. © 2020 IEEE.
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| 2. |
- Depari, A., et al.
(författare)
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Simple and robust microcontroller-based acquisition system for differential capacitive sensors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728195391
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differential capacitive sensors, especially if implemented as MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) are a widely employed sensor solution, especially after the widespread adoption of the IoT (Internet of things) paradigm. These sensors target very different applications, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, just to mention a few, because they can take advantage from lower power consumption, better temperature coefficient and manufacturability. The readout circuit plays a central and fundamental role in ensuring optimal overall performance. In this paper, a frontend for interfacing differential capacitive sensors with microcontroller-based systems is discussed and performance is evaluated. In particular, the use of voltage mode is considered and, consequently, the stray capacitance can deeply affect the readouts. The proposed interface evaluates the mismatch between the current flowing in the two sensor equivalent capacitors and estimates the parasitic value. Additionally, the information about the current unbalance is used to improve the measurand estimation. In particular, the proposed approach is able to decrease of one order of magnitude the measurand estimation error, when large stray capacitance affects the sensor. © 2021 IEEE.
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| 3. |
- Depari, A., et al.
(författare)
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Versatile and low-cost sensor interface for IoT-ready odor monitoring in wastewater management
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium, SAS 2021 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728194318
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The monitoring of pollutants in industrial plants is a major concern, in order to satisfy the requirements dictated by the related norms. Recently, the problem of odor monitoring gained importance since, despite the generally low dangerous nature of the emission, people usually correlate bad smell to unhealthy air condition. In this paper, we focus on the wastewater treatment application scenario and propose a versatile air pollution control solution. In particular, a distributed eNose, based on low-cost, but highly configurable sensing probes, is suggested. The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has been followed, thanks to the adoption of a communication infrastructure based on the widely adopted LoRaWAN technology. Such an approach, on one hand, would allow to easily cope with the administration and local population; on the other hand, it paves the way to use analytics to predict emission events in advance. The need for managing multiple transducers per each probe has been solved using an innovative acquisition strategy, exploiting both the volt-amperometric and resistance-to-time (integral) approaches, implemented by low-cost microcontroller and ancillary electronics. A proof-of-concept prototype has been realized and preliminary experiments have been carried out. Experimental results have demonstrated the solidity of the proposed approach, with relative error below 1% and relative standard deviation below 0.5% over the whole considered resistive range of more than two decades. © 2021 IEEE.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fedullo, T., et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive LoRaWAN transmission exploiting reinforcement learning : The industrial case
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT, MetroInd 4.0 and IoT 2021 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665419802 ; , s. 671-676
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless technologies play a key role in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) scenario, for the development of increasingly flexible and interconnected factory systems. A significant opportunity in this context is represented by the advent of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) wireless technologies, that enable a reliable, secure, and effective transmission of measurement data over long communication ranges and with very low power consumption. Nevertheless, reliability in harsh environments (as typically occurs in the industrial scenario) is a significant issue to deal with. Focusing on LoRaWAN, adaptive strategies can be profitably devised concerning the above tradeoff. To this aim, this paper proposes to exploit Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques to design an adaptive LoRaWAN strategy for industrial applications. The RL is spreading in many fields since it allows the design of intelligent systems using a stochastic discrete-time system approach. The proposed technique has been implemented within a purposely designed simulator, allowing to draw a preliminary performance assessment in a real-world scenario. A high density of independent nodes per square km has been considered, showing a significant improvement (about 10%) of the overall reliability in terms of data extraction rate (DER) without compromising full compatibility with the standard specifications. © 2021 IEEE.
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| 6. |
- Fernandes Carvalho, D., et al.
(författare)
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Using LPWAN Connectivity for Elderly Activity Monitoring in Smartcity Scenarios
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lect. Notes Electr. Eng.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030372767 ; , s. 81-87
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Home care is an increasing research area; an example is the interest in daily activity and mobility tracking, known to be a strong indicator for people’s health. In particular, the digital mobility assessment of elderly can anticipate and prevent hard clinical events such as falls, that could result in hospitalizations and deaths. In this work, the use of LoRaWAN is verified in a real-world scenario as an effective communication infrastructure for transmitting activity level information to a supervisor structure like a clinic or a hospital. An experimental setup has been purposely implemented to evaluate the feasibility; in particular, the activity level inferred analyzing accelerometers data can be notified with an average delay in the order of 500 ms. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 7. |
- Ferrari, P., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the impact of Cloud Database services on Industrial IoT Applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728144603
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet of Things applied to Industry (IIoT) is one of the pillars of Industry 4.0. The connection to Internet of all the industrial devices, and the storage (sharing) of enormous amount of data inside Cloud database, enable the development of analysis algorithms for the delivery of new "high value" services. However, the industrial market may require response with short predictable latency (real-time response) even for supervision and optimization functions. Often today, the estimation of the latency of new services is not taken into account. For all these reasons, this work introduces an experimental measurement procedure for investigating the impact of Cloud database services on the communication delay from the production line to the Cloud and the way back (feedback). In this paper, a use case demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed test methodology. In details, the considered use case is a predictive maintenance system with Siemens S7 industrial automation controller sending data to a Cloudant database inside the IBM Bluemix platform. The use case results show that the IIoT solutions based on Cloud database services can be easily evaluated, compared (and optimized) thanks to the proposed approach. © 2020 IEEE.
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| 8. |
- Ferrari, P., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the impact on industrial applications of NTP Used by IoT devices
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728148922 ; , s. 223-228
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The requirements of distributed systems implemented using IoT paradigms include the sharing of a common time reference. When the applications are intended for industrial scenarios, the desired time synchronization uncertainty decreases, due to the real-time needs of this kind of systems. Currently, the most diffused way to obtain a time reference for an Internet connected device is to use NTP (Network Time Protocol) for querying time servers. This paper is focused on industrial IoT applications and it is aimed to evaluate the impact that NTP synchronization performance and NTP throughput may have on the real-time host network. Analytical formulas for estimating the NTP impact are introduced. The work is complemented by the presentation of a use case that shows the use of NTP for the synchronization of a large industrial plant at field level. The results highlight the threat to the real-time behavior of the automation system caused by the uncontrolled peaks of traffic due to NTP. Last, some design considerations for mitigation of the impact are discussed. © 2020 IEEE.
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| 9. |
- Ferrari, P., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental characterization of an IoV framework leveraging mobile wireless technologies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728195391
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm highlighted the importance of core technologies at the root of any distributed systems, as wireless communications, cloud computing and big data analysis. Today, companies and organizations, pursuing the so-called Industry 4.0 (r)evolution, are moving toward smart factories, smart workforce, and intelligent transportation. The use of IoT technologies for connecting smart vehicles is identified by the IoV acronym, i.e. the Internet of Vehicle. In this work, the authors address the characterization of a distributed measurement platform for vehicle fleet management, focusing on time-related performance. In particular, a commercially available solution has been considered and real-world use cases have been identified, showing obtainable performance: with default configuration, an average overall delay less than 11 s has been estimated. © 2021 IEEE.
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| 10. |
- Ferrari, P., et al.
(författare)
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Turning old into new : Adding LoRaWAN connectivity to PLC in brownfield installations
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT, MetroInd 4.0 and IoT 2021 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665419802 ; , s. 665-670
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry 4.0 paradigm improves industrial automation systems efficiency leveraging on the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), offering pervasive connectivity with field devices and paving the way to innovative services. Updating legacy machines in brownfield installations is needed for preserving investments. This paper discusses the design and the experimental validation in a real-world use case of a low-cost solution aiming at providing LoRaWAN Class A connectivity to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Widespread modules, offering full compatibility with the standard, are considered. They behave as 'modems' controlled by AT-like commands via simple serial links (RS232), minimizing the need for additional glue logic. The developed solution has been connected to a public LoRaWAN infrastructure, showing average uplink delays in the order of 300-500 ms; on the contrary, downlink messages are constrained by uplink interarrival time. The experiments also highlighted strong correlation between the LoRaWAN network congestion and the end-to-end delay. © 2021 IEEE.
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