| 1. |
- Fjell, Anders M., et al.
(författare)
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Poor Self-Reported Sleep is Related to Regional Cortical Thinning in Aging but not Memory Decline-Results From the Lifebrain Consortium
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - : Oxford University Press. - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 31:4, s. 1953-1969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined whether sleep quality and quantity are associated with cortical and memory changes in cognitively healthy participants across the adult lifespan. Associations between self-reported sleep parameters (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and longitudinal cortical change were tested using five samples from the Lifebrain consortium (n = 2205, 4363 MRIs, 18-92 years). In additional analyses, we tested coherence with cell-specific gene expression maps from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, and relations to changes in memory performance. "PSQI # 1 Subjective sleep quality" and "PSQI #5 Sleep disturbances" were related to thinning of the right lateral temporal cortex, with lower quality and more disturbances being associated with faster thinning. The association with "PSQI #5 Sleep disturbances" emerged after 60 years, especially in regions with high expression of genes related to oligodendrocytes and S1 pyramidal neurons. None of the sleep scales were related to a longitudinal change in episodic memory function, suggesting that sleep-related cortical changes were independent of cognitive decline. The relationship to cortical brain change suggests that self-reported sleep parameters are relevant in lifespan studies, but small effect sizes indicate that self-reported sleep is not a good biomarker of general cortical degeneration in healthy older adults.
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| 2. |
- Lövdén, Martin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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No moderating influence of education on the association between changes in hippocampus volume and memory performance in aging
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aging Brain. - : Elsevier. - 2589-9589. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary accounts of factors that may modify the risk for age-related neurocognitive disorders highlight education and its contribution to a cognitive reserve. By this view, individuals with higher educational attainment should show weaker associations between changes in brain and cognition than individuals with lower educational attainment. We tested this prediction in longitudinal data on hippocampus volume and episodic memory from 708 middle-aged and older individuals using local structural equation modeling. This technique does not require categorization of years of education and does not constrain the shape of relationships, thereby maximizing the chances of revealing an effect of education on the hippocampus-memory association. The results showed that the data were plausible under the assumption that there was no influence of education on the association between change in episodic memory and change in hippocampus volume. Restricting the sample to individuals with elevated genetic risk for dementia (APOE ε4 carriers) did not change these results. We conclude that the influence of education on changes in episodic memory and hippocampus volume is inconsistent with predictions by the cognitive reserve theory.
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| 3. |
- Vidal-Pineiro, Didac, et al.
(författare)
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Maintained Frontal Activity Underlies High Memory Function Over 8 Years in Aging
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 29:7, s. 3111-3123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging is characterized by substantial average decline in memory performance. Yet contradictory explanations have been given for how the brains of high-performing older adults work: either by engagement of compensatory processes such as recruitment of additional networks or by maintaining young adults' patterns of activity. Distinguishing these components requires large experimental samples and longitudinal follow-up. Here, we investigate which features are key to high memory in aging, directly testing these hypotheses by studying a large sample of adult participants (n > 300) with fMRI during an episodic memory experiment where item-context relationships were implicitly encoded. The analyses revealed that low levels of activity in frontal networks-known to be involved in memory encoding-were associated with low memory performance in the older adults only. Importantly, older participants with low memory performance and low frontal activity exhibited a strong longitudinal memory decline in an independent verbal episodic memory task spanning 8 years back (n = 52). These participants were also characterized by lower hippocampal volumes and steeper rates of cortical atrophy. Altogether, maintenance of frontal brain function during encoding seems to be a primary characteristic of preservation of memory function in aging, likely reflecting intact ability to integrate information.
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| 4. |
- Stige, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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The development of visual P3a and P3b.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 32:1, s. 563-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship of visual P3a and P3b to age and neuropsychological performance was investigated in 26 healthy children (6.8–15.8 years) and 129 adult volunteers (20.0–88.8 years).Within the sample of children, an effect of age on midline topography was observed, with higher frontal amplitudes in the youngest compared to the oldest children. Increasing age was associated with lower P3a and P3b amplitude and shorter P3b latency at Fz. Performance on neuropsychological tests (matrix reasoning from WASI, digit span from WAIS, word order and hand movement from Kaufman) was only weakly associated with measures of P3a and P3b. The analyses were then repeated with the full life-span sample (n = 155). It was found that for P3a, amplitude decreased and latency increased with age. For P3b, the pattern was more complex, with a nonlinear amplitude reduction and no latency change with age. It appears that the development of P3a in children represents the start of processes that later continue in the adult life-span, but that the automatic processes indexed by P3a seems to mature earlier than the controlled processes reflected by P3b. Finally, it was demonstrated that the relationships between neuropsychological test scores (matrix reasoning, digit span) and P3 parameters were complex, following a mix of linear and nonlinear patterns. It is suggested that the neuropsychological significance of the different P3a and P3b parameters may change from childhood to the adult life-span.
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| 5. |
- Walhovd, Kristine B., et al.
(författare)
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Timing of lifespan influences on brain and cognition
- 2023
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Ingår i: Trends in Cognitive Sciences. - 1364-6613 .- 1879-307X. ; 27:10, s. 901-915
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modifiable risk and protective factors for boosting brain and cognitive development and preventing neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are embraced in neuroimaging studies. We call for sobriety regarding the timing and quantity of such influences on brain and cognition. Individual differences in the level of brain and cognition, many of which present already at birth and early in development, appear stable, larger, and more pervasive than differences in change across the lifespan. Incorporating early-life factors, including genetics, and investigating both level and change will reduce the risk of ascribing undue importance and causality to proximate factors in adulthood and older age. This has implications for both mechanistic understanding and prevention.
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