| 1. |
- Adam, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure. ESCAPE : a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 41:5, s. 38-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chronic impact of ambient air pollutants on lung function in adults is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution with lung function in adult participants from five cohorts in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). Residential exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOx) and particulate matter (PM) was modelled and traffic indicators were assessed in a standardised manner. The spirometric parameters forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) from 7613 subjects were considered as outcomes. Cohort-specific results were combined using meta-analysis. We did not observe an association of air pollution with longitudinal change in lung function, but we observed that a 10 μg·m(-3) increase in NO2 exposure was associated with lower levels of FEV1 (-14.0 mL, 95%CI -25.8- -2.1) and FVC (-14.9 mL, 95% CI -28.7- -1.1). An increase of 10 μg·m(-3) in PM10, but not other PM metrics (PM2.5, coarse fraction of PM, PM absorbance), was associated with a lower level of FEV1 (-44.6 mL, 95% CI -85.4- -3.8) and FVC (-59.0 mL, 95% CI -112.3- -5.6). The associations were particularly strong in obese persons. This study adds to the evidence for an adverse association of ambient air pollution with lung function in adults at very low levels in Europe.
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| 2. |
- Burte, Emilie, et al.
(författare)
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Association between air pollution and rhinitis incidence in two European cohorts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 115, s. 257-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between air pollution and rhinitis is not well established.Aim: The aim of this longitudinal analysis was to study the association between modeled air pollution at the subjects' home addresses and self-reported incidence of rhinitis.Methods: We used data from 1533 adults from two multicentre cohorts' studies (EGEA and ECRHS). Rhinitis incidence was defined as reporting rhinitis at the second follow-up (2011 to 2013) but not at the first follow-up (2000 to 2007). Annual exposure to NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 at the participants' home addresses was estimated using land-use regression models developed by the ESCAPE project for the 2009-2010 period. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed using Poisson regression. Pooled analysis, analyses by city and meta-regression testing for heterogeneity were carried out.Results: No association between long-term air pollution exposure and incidence of rhinitis was found (adjusted IRR (aIRR) for an increase of 10 mu g center dot m(-3) of NO2: 1.00 [0.91-1.09], for an increase of 5 mu g center dot m(-3) of PM2.5: 0.88 [0.73-1.04]). Similar results were found in the two-pollutant model (aIRR for an increase of 10 mu g center dot m(-3) of NO2: 1.01 [0.87-1.17], for an increase of 5 mu g center dot m(-3) of PM2.5: 0.87 [0.68-1.08]). Results differed depending on the city, but no regional pattern emerged for any of the pollutants.Conclusions: This study did not find any consistent evidence of an association between long-term air pollution and incident rhinitis.
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| 3. |
- Carsin, Anne-Elie, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and incidence of restrictive spirometry pattern in adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: A restrictive spirometry pattern is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Whether regular physical activity (PA) protects against this pattern has never been studied.Objective: To assess if PA is associated with the development of restrictive pattern.Methods: Lung function and PA were assessed in the second and third follow-up of the ECRHS (n=2757, 39-67 years) and SAPALDIA (n=2610, 36-82 y) cohorts. Subjects with restrictive or obstructive pattern at baseline were excluded. We assessed the association of being active at baseline (defined as exercising vigorously >2-3 times/wk for >1 h) and restrictive pattern at follow-up (defined as a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC≥LLN and FVC<80% pred.) using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for age, sex, smoking and asthma. We explored the impact of adjusting for baseline FVC. Additionally, models were repeated stratified by BMI.Results: After 10 years follow-up, 3.7% and 2.8% of participants developed a restrictive pattern, in ECRHS and SAPALDIA respectively. In both cohorts, being physically active was associated with lower risk of a restrictive pattern (meta-analysed RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47-0.89). This association was stronger in overweight (0.41, 0.23-0.75) and obese (0.42, 0.17-1.05) than in normal weight subjects, but was attenuated when adjusting for baseline FVC (0.77, 0.58-1.04).Conclusion: In two large European studies, adults who reported more PA were at lower risk of developing a restrictive spirometry pattern. Lung function at baseline seemed to explain part of the observed association, stressing the need of adequate method to take into account both horse-racing and regression-to-the-means effects.
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| 4. |
- Carsin, Anne-Elie, et al.
(författare)
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Restrictive spirometry pattern is associated with low physical activity levels : A population based international study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 146, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Restrictive spirometry pattern is an under-recognised disorder with a poor morbidity and mortality prognosis. We compared physical activity levels between adults with a restrictive spirometry pattern and with normal spirometry.Methods: Restrictive spirometry pattern was defined as a having post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ≥ Lower Limit of Normal and a FVC<80% predicted in two population-based studies (ECRHS-III and SAPALDIA3). Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The odds of having low physical activity (<1st study-specific tertile) was evaluated using adjusted logistic regression models.Results: Subjects with a restrictive spirometry pattern (n = 280/4721 in ECRHS, n = 143/3570 in SAPALDIA) reported lower levels of physical activity than those with normal spirometry (median of 1770 vs 2253 MET·min/week in ECRHS, and 3519 vs 3945 MET·min/week in SAPALDIA). Subjects with a restrictive spirometry pattern were more likely to report low physical activity (meta-analysis odds ratio: 1.41 [95%CI 1.07–1.86]) than those with a normal spirometry. Obesity, respiratory symptoms, co-morbidities and previous physical activity levels did not fully explain this finding.Conclusion: Adults with a restrictive spirometry pattern were more likely to report low levels of physical activity than those with normal spirometry. These results highlight the need to identify and act on this understudied but prevalent condition.
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| 5. |
- Keidel, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Socioeconomic Status in the Association of Lung Function and Air Pollution : A Pooled Analysis of Three Adult ESCAPE Cohorts
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambient air pollution is a leading environmental risk factor and its broad spectrum of adverse health effects includes a decrease in lung function. Socioeconomic status (SES) is known to be associated with both air pollution exposure and respiratory function. This study assesses the role of SES either as confounder or effect modifier of the association between ambient air pollution and lung function. Cross-sectional data from three European multicenter adult cohorts were pooled to assess factors associated with lung function, including annual means of home outdoor NO2. Pre-bronchodilator lung function was measured according to the ATS-criteria. Multiple mixed linear models with random intercepts for study areas were used. Three different factors (education, occupation and neighborhood unemployment rate) were considered to represent SES. NO2 exposure was negatively associated with lung function. Occupation and neighborhood unemployment rates were not associated with lung function. However, the inclusion of the SES-variable education improved the models and the air pollution-lung function associations got slightly stronger. NO2 associations with lung function were not substantially modified by SES-variables. In this multicenter European study we could show that SES plays a role as a confounder in the association of ambient NO2 exposure with lung function.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Moitra, Subhabrata, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of asthma on the development of obesity among adults : Results of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Obesity has been associated with asthma, however the reverse relation has recently been observed among children.Objective: To investigate whether asthma contributes to obesity incidence in adults.Methods: The ECRHS is a cohort study with two follow-ups around, 10-years (ECRHS-II) and 20-years (ECRHS-III) after enrolment. Participants with obesity (BMI>30kg/m2) at baseline were excluded (n=957), leaving 8618 non-obese subjects who participated in at least one follow-up. Asthmatics were described if the subjects reported ever having asthma and had an asthma attack or woke up by an attack of shortness of breath in last 12 months or on current asthma medication. We evaluated the association between: (1) asthma at baseline (ECRHS-I) and obesity at ECRHS-II; and (2) newly reported asthma at ECRHS-II and obesity at ECRHS-III.Results: 10.2% of asthmatics at baseline developed obesity after 10 years compared to 7.7% of non-asthmatics (Age, sex & country-adjusted relative risk: 1.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.55). Further adjustment for BMI at baseline slightly reduced this risk (RR:1.2; 95%CI: 1.0-1.4). Obesity risk was highest for those developing asthma in adulthood (RR:1.37; 95%CI: 1.01-1.86) compared to those with childhood onset asthma (RR: 1.13; 95%CI: 0.83-1.53). Asthmatics who were non-atopic at baseline had a higher risk of developing obesity at 1st follow up (RR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.15-1.86). Similar trend was observed in newly reported asthmatics in ECRHS-II and increased obesity risk at the final follow up ECRHS-III (RR: 1.22; 95%CI: 0.86-1.73).Conclusion: These results suggest that asthmatics are at a higher risk of developing obesity.
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| 8. |
- Peralta, Gabriela P., et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index trajectories during adult life and lung function decline
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Body mass index (BMI) has been associated with lung function. Whether distinct BMI trajectories during adult life affect lung function differently is unknown. We assessed associations of BMI trajectories from 34 to 54 years with lung function decline over the same period of time in the ECRHS cohort.BMI trajectories were developed using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling on data collected at least twice between ECRHS I and ECRHS III (n=9327). Associations of these trajectories with lung function decline were assessed using mixed linear regression models (adjusted for sex, age, age2, height, smoking status and baseline lung function) in a subgroup (n=3534) with lung function data at ECRHS I and III. As sex-specific analyses showed similar findings, males and females were combined.Four parallel trajectories were identified: ‘normal’, ‘overweight’, ‘obese’ and ‘morbidly obese’ (Fig. 1). Those with higher BMI trajectories had greater decline of FEV1 and FVC than those with ‘normal BMI’ trajectory (Fig. 2).Overweight and obese trajectories of BMI during adult life were associated with greater lung function decline in the ECRHS cohort.
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