Localization of cholesterol, amyloid and glia in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse brain tissue using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and immunofluorescence imaging

• The spatial distributions of lipids, amyloid-beta deposits, markers of neurons and glial cells were imaged, at submicrometer lateral resolution, in brain structures of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using a new methodology that combines time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The technology, which enabled us to simultaneously image the lipid and glial cell distributions in Tg2576 mouse brain structures, revealed micrometer-sized cholesterol accumulations in hippocampal regions undergoing amyloid-beta deposition. Such cholesterol granules were either associated with individual amyloid deposits or spread over entire regions undergoing amyloidogenesis. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis of the same brain regions showed increased microglial and astrocytic immunoreactivity associated with the amyloid deposits, as expected from previous studies, but did not reveal any particular astrocytic or microglial feature correlated with cholesterol granulation. However, dystrophic neurites as well as presynaptic vesicles presented a distribution similar to that of cholesterol granules in regions undergoing amyloid-beta accumulation, thus indicating that these neuronal endpoints may retain cholesterol in areas with lesions. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for an altered cholesterol distribution near amyloid deposits that would have been missed by several other lipid analysis methods, and opens for the possibility to study in detail the putative liaison between lipid environment and protein structure and function in Alzheimer's disease.

Keyword

Alzheimer's disease

Amyloid-beta

Brain

Cholesterol

Glia

Imaging

ToF-SIMS

amyloid beta protein

cell protein

glial fibrillary acidic protein

protein Iba1

unclassified drug

Alzheimer disease

animal experiment

animal model

animal tissue

article

brain level

cellular distribution

confocal laser microscopy

controlled study

glia cell

hippocampus

immunofluorescence

immunohistochemistry

immunoreactivity

lipid analysis

lipid storage

molecular imaging

mouse

nonhuman

priority journal

protein analysis

protein localization

protein structure

scanning electron microscopy

time of flight mass spectrometry

time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Amyloid

Animals

Disease Models

Animal

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Humans

Mice

Mice

129 Strain

Mice

Inbred C57BL

Mice

Transgenic

Neuroglia

Neurons

Spectrometry

Mass

Secondary Ion

MEDICINE

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)

art (subject category)