| 1. |
- Bateman, Daniel R., et al.
(author)
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Agitation and impulsivity in mid and late life as possible riskmarkers for incident dementia
- 2020
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In: Alzheimer’s & Dementia. - : Elsevier. - 2352-8737. ; 6:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To identify knowledge gaps regarding new-onset agitation and impulsivity prior to onsetof cognitive impairment or dementia the International Society to Advance Alzheimer’sResearch and Treatment Neuropsychiatric Syndromes (NPS) Professional InterestAreaconducted a scoping review. Extending a series of reviews exploring the pre-dementiarisk syndrome Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI), we focused on late-onset agitationand impulsivity (the MBI impulse dyscontrol domain) and risk of incident cognitivedecline and dementia. This scoping review of agitation and impulsivity pre-dementiasyndromes summarizes the current biomedical literature in terms of epidemiology,diagnosis andmeasurement, neurobiology, neuroimaging, biomarkers, course and prognosis,treatment, and ongoing clinical trials. Validations for pre-dementia scales suchas the MBI Checklist, and incorporation into longitudinal and intervention trials, areneeded to better understand impulse dyscontrol as a risk factor for mild cognitiveimpairment and dementia.
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| 2. |
- Hjorth, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Immunomodulation of microglia by docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid.
- 2012
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In: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1363-1950 .- 1473-6519. ; 15:2, s. 134-143
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are dietary components which have been ascribed many different health benefits. Inflammation is present in, and contributes to, pathological conditions in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are the primary cells with immune function in the CNS, and inflammation mediated by activated microglia is present in pathological conditions. In this review, we present and discuss findings on the modulation of microglial activities by ω-3 FAs in vivo as well as in vitro, and propose mechanisms for their effects.RECENT FINDINGS: The majority of studies show that ω-3 FAs have anti-inflammatory effects on microglia. However, phagocytosis is an activity associated with inflammation and is increased by ω-3 FAs. This can be understood in the light of recent research on the resolution of inflammation. Resolution is induced by proresolving factors, which are metabolites of ω-3 FAs. Proresolving factors are anti-inflammatory and have been shown to increase phagocytosis. Other mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory actions of ω-3 FAs involve the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, ω-3 FA incorporation into the cell membrane, and inhibition of ion currents.SUMMARY: Immunomodulation by ω-3 FAs is mediated by several pathways that are interconnected and is a potential therapy for disorders in the CNS.
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| 3. |
- Shlisky, Julie, et al.
(author)
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Nutritional Considerations for Healthy Aging and Reduction in Age-Related Chronic Disease
- 2017
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In: Advances in Nutrition. - : The American Society for Nutrition. - 2161-8313 .- 2156-5376. ; 8:1, s. 17-26
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A projected doubling in the global population of people aged ≥60 y by the year 2050 has major health and economic implications, especially in developing regions. Burdens of unhealthy aging associated with chronic noncommunicable and other age-related diseases may be largely preventable with lifestyle modification, including diet. However, as adults age they become at risk of "nutritional frailty," which can compromise their ability to meet nutritional requirements at a time when specific nutrient needs may be high. This review highlights the role of nutrition science in promoting healthy aging and in improving the prognosis in cases of age-related diseases. It serves to identify key knowledge gaps and implementation challenges to support adequate nutrition for healthy aging, including applicability of metrics used in body-composition and diet adequacy for older adults and mechanisms to reduce nutritional frailty and to promote diet resilience. This review also discusses management recommendations for several leading chronic conditions common in aging populations, including cognitive decline and dementia, sarcopenia, and compromised immunity to infectious disease. The role of health systems in incorporating nutrition care routinely for those aged ≥60 y and living independently and current actions to address nutritional status before hospitalization and the development of disease are discussed.
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