| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Galaz, Victor, 1976, et al.
(author)
-
"Superconnected, Complex and Ultrafast: Governance of Hyperfunctionality in Financial Markets"
- 2017
-
In: Complexity, Governance and Networks. - : Universitatsbibliothek Bamberg. - 2214-3009 .- 2214-2991. ; 3:2, s. 12-28
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased trading with financial instruments, new actors and novel technologies are changing the nature of financial markets making trade faster, more information dense and more globalized than ever. These changes in financial markets are not incremental and linear, but transformative with the emergence of a new “machine-ecology” with intricate system behavior and new forms of systemic financial risks. We argue that the nature of these changes pose fundamentally new challenges to governance as they require policy-makers to respond to system properties characterized by not only complex causality, but also extreme connectivity (i.e. global), ultra-speed (i.e. micro-seconds) and “hyperfunctionality”. Governance can fail at the system level if a subsystem performs its function to such an extreme; this could jeopardize the efficiency of the system as a whole. We elaborate in what ways governance scholars can approach these issues, and explore the types of strategies policy-makers around the world use to address these new financial risks. We conclude by pointing out what we perceive as critical research fronts in this domain.
|
|
| 3. |
- Jagers, Sverker, et al.
(author)
-
Societal causes of, and responses to, ocean acidification
- 2019
-
In: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:8, s. 816-830
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Major climate and ecological changes affect the world's oceans leading to a number of responses including increasing water temperatures, changing weather patterns, shrinking ice-sheets, temperature-driven shifts in marine species ranges, biodiversity loss and bleaching of coral reefs. In addition, ocean pH is falling, a process known as ocean acidification (OA). The root cause of OA lies in human policies and behaviours driving society's dependence on fossil fuels, resulting in elevated CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. In this review, we detail the state of knowledge of the causes of, and potential responses to, OA with particular focus on Swedish coastal seas. We also discuss present knowledge gaps and implementation needs.
|
|
