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- Venero, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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ARG1 expression in basal forebrain microglia modulates hippocampal innervation and cognition during postnatal development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Glia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0894-1491 .- 1098-1136. ; 71:Suppl. 1, s. E512-E512
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diversity within microglia, the resident brain immune cells, is reported. Whether microglial subsets constitute different subtypes with intrinsic properties and unique functions has not been fully elucidated. Here, we describe a microglial subtype characterized by the expression of the enzyme Arginase-1, i.e.Arg1+microglia, which is found predominantly in the cholinergic neuron-rich forebrain region during early postnatal development. Arg1+microgliacontain cellular inclusions and exhibit a distinct molecular signature including upregulation of genes such as Apoe, Clec7a, Igf1, Lgals3and Mgl2. Arg1-knockout in microglia results in a deficient cholinergic innervation along with impaired dendritic spine maturation in the hippocampus where cholinergic neurons project, impaired long-term potentiation and cognitive behavioural deficiencies in female mice. Our results expand on microglia diversity and provide insights into distinctive spatiotemporal functions exerted by microglial subtypes.
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| 3. |
- Martínez-Sánchez, Noelia, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic AMPK-ER Stress-JNK1 Axis Mediates the Central Actions of Thyroid Hormones on Energy Balance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - Cambridge, MA, United States : Cell Press. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 26:1, s. 212-229.e12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thyroid hormones (THs) act in the brain to modulate energy balance. We show that central triiodothyronine (T3) regulates de novo lipogenesis in liver and lipid oxidation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) through the parasympathetic (PSNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS), respectively. Central T3 promotes hepatic lipogenesis with parallel stimulation of the thermogenic program in BAT. The action of T3 depends on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-induced regulation of two signaling pathways in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH): decreased ceramide-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which promotes BAT thermogenesis, and increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which controls hepatic lipid metabolism. Of note, ablation of AMPKα1 in steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) neurons of the VMH fully recapitulated the effect of central T3, pointing to this population in mediating the effect of central THs on metabolism. Overall, these findings uncover the underlying pathways through which central T3 modulates peripheral metabolism.
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- Manzano-Nunez, Ramiro, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes and management approaches of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta based on the income of countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-7922. ; 15:57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Author(s). Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) could provide a survival benefit to severely injured patients as it may improve their initial ability to survive the hemorrhagic shock. Although the evidence supporting the use of REBOA is not conclusive, its use has expanded worldwide. We aim to compare the management approaches and clinical outcomes of trauma patients treated with REBOA according to the countries' income based on the World Bank Country and Lending Groups. Methods: We used data from the AORTA (USA) and the ABOTrauma (multinational) registries. Patients were stratified into two groups: (1) high-income countries (HICs) and (2) low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Propensity score matching extracted 1:1 matched pairs of subjects who were from an LMIC or a HIC based on age, gender, the presence of pupillary response on admission, impeding hypotension (SBP ≤ 80), trauma mechanism, ISS, the necessity of CPR on arrival, the location of REBOA insertion (emergency room or operating room) and the amount of PRBCs transfused in the first 24 h. Logistic regression (LR) was used to examine the association of LMICs and mortality. Results: A total of 817 trauma patients from 14 countries were included. Blind percutaneous approach and surgical cutdown were the preferred means of femoral cannulation in HICs and LIMCs, respectively. Patients from LMICs had a significantly higher occurrence of MODS and respiratory failure. LR showed no differences in mortality for LMICs when compared to HICs; neither in the non-matched cohort (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.36-1.09; p = 0.1) nor in the matched cohort (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 0.63-3,33; p = 0.3). Conclusion: There is considerable variation in the management practices of REBOA and the outcomes associated with this intervention between HICs and LMICs. Although we found significant differences in multiorgan and respiratory failure rates, there were no differences in the risk-adjusted odds of mortality between the groups analyzed. Trauma surgeons practicing REBOA around the world should joint efforts to standardize the practice of this endovascular technology worldwide.
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- Cuenca-Garcia, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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More Physically Active and Leaner Adolescents Have Higher Energy Intake
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 164:1, s. 159-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To test whether youths who engage in vigorous physical activity are more likely to have lean bodies while ingesting relatively large amounts of energy. For this purpose, we studied the associations of both physical activity and adiposity with energy intake in adolescents.Study design The study subjects were adolescents who participated in 1 of 2 cross-sectional studies, the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study (n = 1450; mean age, 14.6 years) or the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS; n = 321; mean age, 15.6 years). Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, and energy intake was measured by 24-hour recall. In the HELENA study, body composition was assessed by 2 or more of the following methods: skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance analysis, plus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or air-displacement plethysmography in a subsample. In the EYHS, body composition was assessed by skinfold thickness.Results Fat mass was inversely associated with energy intake in both studies and using 4 different measurement methods (P <=.006). Overall, fat-free mass was positively associated with energy intake in both studies, yet the results were not consistent across measurement methods in the HELENA study. Vigorous physical activity in the HELENA study (P<.05) and moderate physical activity in the EYHS (P<.01) were positively associated with energy intake. Overall, results remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounding factors, after mutual adjustment among the main exposures (physical activity and fat mass), and after the elimination of obese subjects, who might tend to under-report energy intake, from the analyses.Conclusion Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that more physically active and leaner adolescents have higher energy intake than less active adolescents with larger amounts of fat mass.
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