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| 2. |
- Hahn, Thomas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Insurance value of biodiversity in the Anthropocene is the full resilience value
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently two distinctly different conceptualisations of insurance value of biodiversity/ ecosystems have been developed. The ecosystem framing addresses the full resilience value without singling out subjective risk pref-erences. Conversely, the economic framing focuses exactly on this subjective value of risk aversion, implying that the insurance value is zero for risk neutral persons. Here we analyse the differences conceptually and empirically, and relate this to the broader socio-cultural dimensions of social-ecological resilience. The uncertainty of the Anthropocene blurs the distinction between subjective/objective. We show that the economic framing has been operationalised only in specific cases while the broader literature on resilience, disaster risk reduction, and nature-based solutions tend to address the full value of resilience. Yet, the empirical literature that relates to insurance value of biodiversity is hardly consistent with resilience theory because the slow underlying variables defining resilience are rarely addressed. We suggest how the empirical literature on insurance value can be better aligned with resilience theory. Since the ecosystem framing of insurance value captures the essence of the resilience, we propose using the concept resilience value as it may reduce the present ambiguity in terminology and conceptualisation of insurance value of biodiversity.
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| 3. |
- Jarzebski, Marcin Pawel, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing and population shrinking : implications for sustainability in the urban century
- 2021
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Ingår i: npj Urban Sustainability. - : Springer Nature. - 2661-8001. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population ageing and shrinking are demographic phenomena with far-reaching implications for sustainability in the current context of extensive and rapid urbanization. This Perspective rationalizes their interface by (a) identifying the challenges and opportunities that ageing and shrinking urban populations will have for implementing the sustainable development goals (SDGs), and (b) discussing some emerging interventions to capitalise on the opportunities and reduce the challenges to achieving sustainability. We argue that a diverse set of context-specific technological, socioeconomic, institutional and governance interventions would be needed to leverage effectively the opportunities and minimize the risks posed by ageing and shrinking urban populations for long-term sustainability.
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| 4. |
- Jarzebski, Marcin Pawel, et al.
(författare)
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Developing biodiversity-based solutions for sustainable food systems through transdisciplinary Sustainable Development Goals Labs (SDG-Labs)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - 2571-581X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although biodiversity is a central component of food systems, conventional food systems have become one of the major drivers of biodiversity loss globally. There is an increasing need to transform food systems to provide sufficient and nutritious food, but with minimal negative impacts on the environment and society. One of the possible avenues to enable the sustainable transformation of food systems might be through the development of locally appropriate biodiversity-based solutions. In this paper we report the insights and lessons learned during the design and implementation of transdisciplinary projects that employed the concept of Sustainable Development Goals labs (SDG-Labs) to create biodiversity-based solutions to transform food systems. The six SDG-Labs outlined in this paper were implemented in Armenia, China, Japan, Madagascar, Thailand, and Uganda. Collectively they developed very diverse biodiversity-based solutions that used different components of biodiversity, ranging from novel cultivation systems with endangered plants, to gardens using tree species for wind breaks, or novel tea-forestry production systems. Beyond their ability to leverage different components of biodiversity to transform local food systems (also conserving biodiversity in the process), all solutions had multiple co-benefits such as climate change adaptation/mitigation and livelihoods generation, among other sustainability domains. Through a Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis we synthesized the experiences gained during the design and implementation of all six SDG-Labs. The findings suggest the great promise of these transdisciplinary approaches for developing solutions at the biodiversity-food-climate nexus. However, this synthesis paper also points to the multiple context-specific challenges that should be overcomed to maximize the potential of SDG-Labs to both enable the sustainable transformation of (local) food systems and/or be scaled up effectively.
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| 5. |
- Lindgren, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable food systems - a health perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 13:6, s. 1505-1517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malnutrition in all forms, ranging from undernourishment to obesity and associated diet-related diseases, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, while food systems often have major environmental impacts. Rapid global population growth and increases in demands for food and changes in dietary habits create challenges to provide universal access to healthy food without creating negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. This article discusses opportunities for and challenges to sustainable food systems from a human health perspective by making the case for avoiding the transition to unhealthy less sustainable diets (using India as an exemplar), reducing food waste by changing consumer behaviour (with examples from Japan), and using innovations and new technologies to reduce the environmental impact of healthy food production. The article touches upon two of the challenges to achieving healthy sustainable diets for a global population, i.e., reduction on the yield and nutritional quality of crops (in particular vegetables and fruits) due to climate change; and trade-offs between food production and industrial crops. There is an urgent need to develop and implement policies and practices that provide universal access to healthy food choices for a growing world population, whilst reducing the environmental footprint of the global food system.
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| 6. |
- Thwe, Ei, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of a cement plant in Naypyitaw, Myanmar
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cleaner Environmental Systems. - Netherlands : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7894. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cement production accounts for about 5% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions and 12–15% of the global energy use from the industrial sector. The impact on climate change and natural resource depletion are among the key concerns of the cement industry. Cement demand has been growing rapidly in many developing countries due to a booming construction sector spurred by rapid urbanization. Myanmar is one of these countries and has started to privatize its cement industry to meet the growing domestic demand. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production in Myanmar using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the Max Myanmar Cement Plant in Naypyitaw. The LCA examines the entire cement production chain, using two alternative scenarios for fuel substitution. The results suggest that conventional cement production has adverse environmental impacts, with the calcination stage being responsible for most impacts. Calcination accounts for 89%, 95% and 97% of the effect for the climate change, acidification, and eutrophication impact categories respectively. Fuel switching from the coal dominating mix to 100% natural gas can decrease environmental impacts for most mid-point impact categories, such as climate change (68% reduction), acidification potential (83% reduction), and eutrophication potential (96% reduction).
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