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- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 7. |
- Brogaard, K., et al.
(författare)
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Age and helium content of the open cluster NGC 6791 from multiple eclipsing binary members : III. Constraints from a subgiant
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Models of stellar structure and evolution can be constrained using accurate measurements of the parameters of eclipsing binary members of open clusters. Multiple binary stars provide the means to tighten the constraints and, in turn, to improve the precision and accuracy of the age estimate of the host cluster. In the previous two papers of this series, we have demonstrated the use of measurements of multiple eclipsing binaries in the old open cluster NGC 6791 to set tighter constraints on the properties of stellar models than was previously possible, thereby improving both the accuracy and precision of the cluster age. Aims. We identify and measure the properties of a non-eclipsing cluster member, V56, in NGC 6791 and demonstrate how this provides additional model constraints that support and strengthen our previous findings. Methods. We analyse multi-epoch spectra of V56 from FLAMES in conjunction with the existing photometry and measurements of eclipsing binaries in NGC6971. Results. The parameters of the V56 components are found to be Mp = 1.103 ± 0.008 Mpdbl and Ms = 0.974 ± 0.007 Mpdbl, Rp = 1.764 ± 0.099 Rpdbl and Rs = 1.045 ± 0.057 Rpdbl, Teff,p = 5447 ± 125 K and Teff,s = 5552 ± 125 K, and surface [Fe/H] = +0.29 ± 0.06 assuming that they have the same abundance. Conclusions. The derived properties strengthen our previous best estimate of the cluster age of 8.3 ± 0.3 Gyr and the mass of stars on the lower red giant branch (RGB), which is MRGB = 1.15 ± 0.02 Mpdbl for NGC 6791. These numbers therefore continue to serve as verification points for other methods of age and mass measures, such as asteroseismology.
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- Brogaard, K., et al.
(författare)
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The blue straggler V106 in NGC6791 : A prototype progenitor of old single giants masquerading as young
- 2018
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711. ; 481:4, s. 5062-5072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determine the properties of the binary star V106 in the old open cluster NGC6791. We identify the system to be a blue straggler cluster member by using a combination of groundbased and Kepler photometry and multi-epoch spectroscopy. The properties of the primary component are found to be Mp ~ 1.67M⊙, more massive than the cluster turn-off, with Rp ~ 1.91R⊙ and Teff = 7110 ± 100 K. The secondary component is highly oversized and overluminous for its low mass with Ms ~ 0.182M⊙, R⊙ ~ 0.864R⊙, and T⊙ =6875±200 K. We identify this secondary star as a bloated (proto) extremely low-mass helium white dwarf. These properties of V106 suggest that it represents a typical Algol-paradox system and that it evolved through a mass-transfer phase, which provides insight into its past evolution. We present a detailed binary stellar evolution model for the formation of V106 using the MESA code and find that the mass-transfer phase only ceased about 40 Myr ago. Due to the short orbital period (P = 1.4463 d), another mass-transfer phase is unavoidable once the current primary star evolves towards the red giant phase. We argue that V106 will evolve through a common-envelope phase within the next 100 Myr and merge to become a single overmassive giant. The high mass will make it appear young for its true age, which is revealed by the cluster properties. Therefore, V106 is potentially a prototype progenitor of old field giants masquerading as young.
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- Steinthorsdottir, V, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic predisposition to hypertension is associated with preeclampsia in European and Central Asian women
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 5976-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal health. In genome-wide association meta-analysis of European and Central Asian mothers, we identify sequence variants that associate with preeclampsia in the maternal genome at ZNF831/20q13 and FTO/16q12. These are previously established variants for blood pressure (BP) and the FTO variant has also been associated with body mass index (BMI). Further analysis of BP variants establishes that variants at MECOM/3q26, FGF5/4q21 and SH2B3/12q24 also associate with preeclampsia through the maternal genome. We further show that a polygenic risk score for hypertension associates with preeclampsia. However, comparison with gestational hypertension indicates that additional factors modify the risk of preeclampsia.
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- Bollmann, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic predictors for atrial fibrillation recurrence following cardioversion
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. - : Wiley. - 1540-8167 .- 1045-3873. ; 14:s10, s. 162-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Identification of suitable candidates for cardioversion currently is not based on individual electrical and mechanical atrial remodeling. Therefore, this study analyzed the meaning of atrial fibrillatory rate obtained from the surface ECG (as a measure of electrical remodeling) and left atrial size (as measure of mechanical remodeling) for prediction of early atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence following cardioversion. Methods and Results: Forty-four consecutive patients (26 men and 18 women, mean age 62 ± 11 years, no antiarrhythmic medication at baseline) with persistent AF were studied. Fibrillatory rate was obtained from high-gain, high-resolution surface ECG using digital signal processing (filtering, QRST subtraction, Fourier analysis) before electrical cardioversion. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed larger systolic left atrial area (Beta = 0.176, P = 0.031) obtained by precardioversion echocardiogram from the apical four-chamber view and higher atrial fibrillatory rate (Beta = 0.029, P = 0.021) to be independent predictors for AF recurrence (n = 13). Stratification based on the regression equation (electromechanical index [EMI]= 0.176 systolic left atrial area + 0.029 fibrillatory rate − 17.674) allowed identification of groups at low, intermediate, or high risk. No patient with an EMI < −1.85 had early AF recurrence, as opposed to 78% with an EMI > −0.25. Intermediate results (40% recurrence rate) were obtained when the calculated EMI ranged between −1.85 and −0.25 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Fibrillatory rate obtained from the surface ECG and systolic left atrial area obtained by echocardiography may predict early AF recurrence in patients with persistent AF. These parameters might be useful in identifying candidates with a high likelihood of remaining in sinus rhythm after cardioversion.
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