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- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional Stroop via Internet among individuals with eating disorders
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 49:1, s. 69-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated whether Stroop interference in eating disordered individuals for food - and body-related words, as repeatedly found previously using standard emotional Stroop tasks, would also be demonstrated when using an Internet based emotional Stroop task. Participants were anorexic women (n = 13), bulimic women (n = 20), non-clinically eating disordered women nevertheless over-concerned about eating and body appearance (n = 27) and normal control women (n = 31). Bulimic individuals showed Stroop interference for body-related words whereas anorexic individuals showed Stroop interference for food-related words. The present results thus suggest that administration of the emotional Stroop task is possible via the Internet. Furthermore, it is possible that the time consuming response delivery, relative to previous studies, could lead to Stroop interference only for the most emotionally significant information, in turn, differentiating between the core concerns of anorexic and bulimic individuals.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Implicit memory bias for eating- and body appearance-related sentences in eating disorders : An application of Jacoby's white noise task
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Routledge. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 37:3, s. 135-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jacoby's white noise task and an explicit recognition task were used to investigate whether individuals with eating disorders demonstrate implicit memory bias and explicit memory bias, respectively, for information related to eating and body appearance. Included were 33 women with eating disorders (seven with anorexia nervosa and 26 with bulimia nervosa), 29 with nonclinical eating disorder‐related concerns, and 36 healthy controls. Results showed partial support for implicit memory bias but no support for explicit memory bias. These findings suggest that eating disorders may be characterized by relative initial automatic bias for eating disorder‐relevant information but not by bias at later stages of information processing. However, previous studies have demonstrated explicit memory bias in eating disorders, which is inconsistent with this interpretation. Future research is required to clarify the precise cognitive biases associated with eating disorders.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Stroop interference for food- and body-related words : A meta-analysis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 6:3, s. 271-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to cognitive theories of eating disorders, biased information processing in favour of dysfunctional attitudes about food and body appearance plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of such disorders. Data from 27 studies evaluating Stroop interference for food- and body-related words with negative overtones were included in a meta-analysis in order to investigate whether such processing biases are specific to eating disordered samples. Participants were females characterised as eating disordered, non-eating disordered but nevertheless over-concerned with body appearance and eating, and normal controls. Mean Stroop interference for eating disordered females was of medium effect size (Cohen's d=0.48) and significantly larger than for both non-eating disordered females concerned with body appearance and eating, and normal control females (both d=0.21). Stroop interference for eating disordered females was thus of fairly modest magnitude where it was unclear whether such interference is specific to this sample. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Stroop interference for food- and body-related words: A meta-analysis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Eating behaviors. ; 6:3, s. 271-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to cognitive theories of eating disorders, biased information processing in favour of dysfunctional attitudes about food and body appearance play a vital role in the development and maintenance of such disorders. Data from 27 studies evaluating Stroop interference for food- and body-related words with negative overtones were included in a meta-analysis in order to investigate whether such processing biases are specific to eating disordered samples. Participants were females characterised as eating disordered, non-eating disordered but nevertheless over-concerned with body appearance and eating, and normal controls. Mean Stroop interference for eating disordered females was of medium effect size (Cohen´s d = 0.48) and significantly larger than for both non-eating disordered females concerned with body appearance and eating, and normal control females (both d = 0.21). Stroop interference for eating disordered females was thus of fairly modest magnitude where it was unclear whether such interference is specific to this sample.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Linda, 1975-
(författare)
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The Role of Cognitive Processes in Eating Pathology
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Researchers have recently combined clinical and cognitive areas of research in order to investigate the role of cognitive factors in explaining how emotional disorders are developed and maintained. It is believed that biased cognitive processing of emotionally relevant information can greatly affect emotional responses and behaviour where insights into such cognitive processes can have invaluable clinical implications.The present thesis investigates the role of cognitive biases for information related to food and body appearance in individuals with eating disorders (ED) and those with non-clinically eating disorder-related concerns (NED). Are ED characterised by cognitive biases toward such information related to their specific concerns? Are such cognitive biases specific to clinical ED or present also in NED samples? Are cognitive biases operating at both conscious and unconscious levels of cognitive processing?The tasks used to pursue these questions were: the emotional Stroop task, an Internet version of the emotional Stroop, Jacoby’s white noise paradigm and a recognition task. The influence of priming on the emotional Stroop task was also investigated in order to test whether the use of this task could be extended to more complex investigations than selective attention.Results provide support for that cognitive processing of information related to eating and body appearance is biased in individuals with ED. It is, however, unclear whether such biased processing is specific to clinical ED. Findings further suggest that cognitive biases occur primarily at unconscious levels of cognitive processing. Support was also obtained for that the emotional Stroop task is sensitive to priming where initial body perception may be one factor influencing cognitive responses toward negative self referent words following exposure to thin ideal images. Results further suggest that the emotional Stroop task successfully can be administered via the Internet where manipulating task delivery and response mode may increase the sensitivity of this task. Some of the advantages of administering the emotional Stroop task via Internet over traditional methods are access to more heterogeneous samples, more ecologically valid situations, reduced costs and minimisation of demand characteristics.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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The role of sensitivity to external food cues in attentional allocation to food words on dot probe and Stroop tasks
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 5:3, s. 261-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of sensitivity of external food cues in producing attentional bias toward food-, body-weight-, and shape-related words on the Stroop and the dot probe tasks was examined. Contrary to expectations, individuals high in responsiveness to external food cues directed attention away from food words, whereas individuals low in responsiveness to external food cues directed their attention toward food words on the dot probe task. No significant differences were found between the groups high and low in sensitivity to external food cues for body words on the dot probe task or for food or body words on the Stroop task. Results are discussed with reference to theoretical views of differences between the Stroop and the dot probe tasks.
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