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- Bergmanson, J P G, et al.
(författare)
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The Lacrimal System
- 2009. - 16
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Ingår i: Clinical Ocular Anatomy and Physiology. - Houston, TX, USA : University of Houston Texas Eye Research and Technology Center. - 9780980070811 ; , s. 43-56
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Carlsson, Stina K., 1982-
(författare)
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Effects of adenosine and acetylcholine on the lacrimal gland
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A balanced tear film is essential for a healthy ocular surface. Insufficient tear production may result in dry eye, a common disorder in the elderly population. Dry eye causes significant discomfort in the patients and may lead to visual impairment and ocular infections. The lacrimal gland secretes water, proteins and electrolytes to the aqueous layer of the tear film. Lacrimal gland secretion is tightly regulated by e.g. neuronally released acetylcholine. The effect of acetylcholine on lacrimal gland secretion was recently found to be potentiated by adenosine. Adenosine is an important signaling molecule acting upon the adenosine receptors: A1, A2A, A2B and A3.The aim of this thesis was to study effects of adenosine and acetylcholine on intracellular signaling pathways and lacrimal gland secretion. Cholinergic stimulation of secretion was shown to be regulated by the mitogen activated protein kinase p38, a protein previously not known to be involved in exocrine secretion. p38 was activated in response to cholinergic stimulation and inhibition of p38 significantly diminished cholinergic secretion.When investigating adenosine effects, potentiation of cholinergic secretion was observed by activation of the A2B receptor in addition to the previously studied A1 receptor. An A2 receptor agonist increased cholinergic rabbit lacrimal gland protein secretion at several concentrations. The increase was inhibited by antagonism of the A2B receptor, but not the A2A receptor. When investigating the intracellular signaling pathways following adenosine and acetylcholine receptor activation, adenosine was shown to increase of cAMP levels. An additional increase in cAMP levels was observed after parallel adenosine and cholinergic receptor activation. Inhibition of Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum had inhibitory effects of cholinergic stimulation of secretion. In addition, the expression of adenosine receptors in a mouse model of autoimmune dry eye was investigated. The results showed a lymphocyte dependent upregulation of A2A receptors in diseased mice compared to controls.In conclusion, the results in this thesis provide significant contributions in the search of dry eye therapeutics through studies of adenosine and acetylcholine receptor activation.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Oskar, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Swedish Contact Lens Prescribing 2017
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Poster display 2: TRENDS IN SWEDISH CONTACT LENS PRESCRIBING 2017Presenter: Oskar JohanssonAuthors: OSKAR JOHANSSON1 , PHILP MORGAN2 , PETER GIEROW1Affiliation:1) Linnaeus University 2) University of ManchesterKey words: Contact lens, fitting, lens typePurpose: The purpose was to evaluate the trends of contact lens prescribing among Swedish optometrists in 2017.Methods: A standardized survey form developed by Morgan er al. was distributed to Swedish optometrists usingtheir professional organizations, optometry chains, direct email, and by hand directly. They were asked to fill out theform for the next ten contact lens patients after receiving the survey. Information was collected regarding the dayof fitting, age, sex, lens material, design, frequency of replacement, wear frequency, modality and type of caresystem. A weighting system is employed to account for the volume of activity undertaken by the respondents,calculated by the time period required to achieve 10 fits. All the forms and data were analyzed at the University of Manchester.Results: 57 forms were returned, including 562 fits. The mean age of the patients was 37 yrs, and 65 % were female.83 % were fitted for full-time wear and 27 % were managed as new fits. Soft contact lenses is the most fitted modalityand represents 97.8 % of all new fits and 93.6 % of all refits. Rigid contact lens fits represents therefore in grand total5.3 % with 2.2 % of the new fits and 6.4 % of the refits. About two-thirds of soft lenses prescribed were siliconehydrogels. Of the different designs, spherical lenses were most widely fitted, with toric lenses on at least one eyecoming right after. Extended wear accounts for 10.6 % of the fittings. Multi-purpose solutions were the most popularregimen prescribed at 99.4 %.Conclusions: When compared with data from Norway and Denmark, it is evident that daily disposables are morepopular in these countries (74 %), whereas in Sweden it is monthly replacements (58 %). Otherwise, the results aresimilar to what has been reported from other parts of the world.
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