| 1. |
- Goon, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between Stated and Measured Concentrations of Acrylate and Methacrylate Allergens in Patch-Test Preparations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Dermatitis. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1710-3568. ; 22:1, s. 27-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Contact allergy to acrylates and methacrylates is not uncommon. The allergy is confirmed by patch-testing patients with commercial patch-test preparations. Objective: To investigate acrylate and methacrylate allergens used for patch testing in nine different dermatology departments from Europe, America, Asia, and Australia. Methods: The acrylate and methacrylate (methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and triethylene glycol diacrylate) allergen samples were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography to measure the allergen content. Results: Variation in measured versus stated concentrations was seen in these samples. The ratio of measured to stated concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 1.1. Only 22 (63%) of 35 samples were within the arbitrary acceptable limits of 80 to 120% of the stated concentrations. Conclusion: The results may have implications for individual diagnosis and prevention and when test results from various centers are compared.
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| 2. |
- Goon, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
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High frequency of false-positive reactions in attempted patch testing with acrylate/methacrylate mixes.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 67:3, s. 157-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although acrylate/methacrylate allergy has been frequently reported, until now patch testing with this group of allergens has been unwieldy, requiring the application of large supplementary series in most centres. Objectives: To formulate and evaluate two mixes of acrylate/methacrylate allergens in three centres (Malmö, Singapore, and Leuven). Patients/materials/methods: All patients tested with the baseline series during the study period were also patch tested with the mixes. Mix 1 consisted of: triethyleneglycol diacrylate (TREGDA) 0.1% wt/wt, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) 1.0% wt/wt and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate 1.0% wt/wt in petrolatum. Mix 2 consisted of: TREGDA 0.1% wt/wt and 2-HEMA 2.0% wt/wt in pet. The separate components of the two mixes were also tested simultaneously. Results. There were 25 (5 males; 20 females) positive reactions to mix 1 with 16 in Malmö, 8 in Singapore, and 1 in Leuven. Positive reactions to mix 2 were seen only in Malmö, in 8 female patients. Thus, the positive reaction rate for mix 1 was 8.3% overall (Malmö 7.7%, Singapore 18.6%, and Leuven 2.1%), and that for mix 2 was 2.7% overall (Malmö 3.8%, Singapore 0%, and Leuven 0%). Of the 16 positive reactions to mix 1 in Malmö, only 4 were considered to be true allergic reactions, as the component allergen testing gave totally negative results in 12/16. For mix 2, only 3/8 positive reactions were considered to be true allergic reactions, as the component testing was negative in 5/8. Many doubtful (10-20%) and positive but non-allergic reactions were recorded, leading to early termination of the study. Conclusions: Although this was an unsuccessful attempt to formulate an acrylate/methacrylate mix, our experience will be useful for those embarking on future attempts to do this.
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| 3. |
- Goon, Anthony Teik-Jin, et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy to acrylates/methacrylates in the acrylate and nail acrylics series in southern Sweden: simultaneous positive patch test reaction patterns and possible screening allergens
- 2007
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 57:1, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent study we showed that all our dental personnel/patients were detected with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (bis-GMA). We studied 90 patients tested to the acrylate and nail acrylics series at our department over a 10 year period to see whether screening allergens could be found. Patch testing with an acrylate and nail acrylics series was performed. Among the 10 acrylate/methacrylate-allergic occupational dermatitis patients tested to the acrylate series, the most common allergens were triethyleneglycol diacrylate (TREGDA, 8), diethyleneglycol diacrylate (5), and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate (BUDA, 5). All 10 of these patients would have been picked up by a short screening series combining TREGDA, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA), and BUDA or 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA). Among the 14 acrylate/methacrylate-allergic nail patients, the most common allergens were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, 11), 2-HEMA, (9), and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (9). Screening for 3 allergens i.e. 2-HEMA plus EGDMA plus TREGDA, would have detected all 14 nail patients. A short screening series combining 2-HEMA, EGDMA, TREGDA, 2-HPMA, bis-GMA, and BUDA or HDDA would have picked up all our past study patients (dental, industrial, and nail) with suspected allergy to acrylate/methacrylate allergens.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Goon, Anthony Teik-Jin, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for acrylate/methacrylate allergy in the baseline series: our experience in Sweden and Singapore
- 2008
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 59:5, s. 307-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: No studies to specifically determine the prevalence of contact allergy to acrylates/methacrylates in patch tested populations have been published. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of acrylate/methacrylate allergy in all patients tested to the baseline patch test series. Methods: Five acrylate/methacrylate allergens (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate) were included in the baseline series for at least 2 years in Malmo and Singapore. Results: Thirty-eight patients in total had reacted to acrylate/methacrylate allergens in the baseline series during the study period in both populations. In Malmo, there were 26 (1.4%) patients with positive patch tests to acrylate/methacrylate allergens, 14 of whom had relevant reactions. In Singapore, there were 12 (1.0%) patients with positive patch tests to acrylate/methacrylate allergens, but only 1 had relevant reactions. If we had not added acrylate/methacrylate allergens to the baseline series, we would not have patch tested 13/26 (50%) of the positive reactors in Malmo and 11/12 (92%) of the positive reactors in Singapore. The overall proportion of missed positive reactors would have been 24/38 (63%). Conclusions: The prevalence of acrylate/methacrylate allergy in our patch tested dermatitis populations is 1.4% in Malmo and 1.0% in Singapore.
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