| 1. |
- Kumar, Abhinav, et al.
(author)
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Differences in the coronal proteome acquired by particles depositing in the lungs of asthmatic versus healthy humans
- 2017
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In: Nanomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1549-9634 .- 1549-9642. ; 13:8, s. 2517-2521
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most inhaled nanomedicines in development are for the treatment of lung disease, yet little is known about their interaction with the respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs). Here we combined the use of nano-silica, as a protein concentrator, with label-free snapshot proteomics (LC-MS/MS; key findings confirmed by ELISA) to generate a quantitative profile of the RTLF proteome and provided insight into the evolved corona; information that may be used in future to improve drug targeting to the lungs by inhaled medicines. The asthmatic coronal proteome displayed a reduced contribution of surfactant proteins (SP-A and B) and a higher contribution of α1-antitrypsin. Pathway analysis suggested that asthmatic RTLFs may also be deficient in proteins related to metal handling (e.g. lactoferrin). This study demonstrates how the composition of the corona acquired by inhaled nanoparticles is modified in asthma and suggests depressed mucosal immunity even in mild airway disease.
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| 2. |
- Kumar, Abhinav, et al.
(author)
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Enrichment of immunoregulatory proteins in the biomolecular corona of nanoparticles within human respiratory tract lining fluid
- 2016
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In: Nanomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1549-9634 .- 1549-9642. ; 12:4, s. 1033-1043
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When inhaled nanoparticles deposit in the lungs, they transit through respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) acquiring a biomolecular corona reflecting the interaction of the RTLF with the nanomaterial surface. Label-free snapshot proteomics was used to generate semiquantitative profiles of corona proteins formed around silica (SiO2) and poly(vinyl) acetate (PVAc) nanoparticles in RTLF, the latter employed as an archetype drug delivery vehicle. The evolved PVAc corona was significantly enriched compared to that observed on SiO2 nanoparticles (698 vs. 429 proteins identified); however both coronas contained a substantial contribution from innate immunity proteins, including surfactant protein A, napsin A and complement (C1q and C3) proteins. Functional protein classification supports the hypothesis that corona formation in RTLF constitutes opsonisation, preparing particles for phagocytosis and clearance from the lungs. These data highlight how an understanding of the evolved corona is necessary for the design of inhaled nanomedicines with acceptable safety and tailored clearance profiles. From the Clinical Editor: Inhaled nanoparticles often acquire a layer of protein corona while they go through the respiratory tract. Here, the authors investigated the identity of these proteins. The proper identification would improve the understanding of the use of inhaled nanoparticles in future therapeutics. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Mills, Graham, et al.
(author)
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Application of passive sampling techniques for monitoring the aquatic environment
- 2009
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In: Analytical Measurements in Aquatic Environments. - : CRC Press. - 9781420082692 ; , s. 41-68
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A challenge for the environmental chemist is the development of reliable sampling and analytical procedures for the representative assessment of water quality.1-4 Currently, most water monitoring methods rely on the collection at defined periods of discrete spot, grab, or bottle samples followed by instrumental analysis in the laboratory. As many pollutants can be present in the water phase at very low concentrations, the collection of large volumes of water is often needed for analysis. In addition, the analysis of spot water samples provides only a snapshot of the levels of pollutants at the time of sampling. This may not give an accurate assessment of water quality in situations where pollutant concentrations fluctuate widely and where episodic pollution events occur. Data from round robin exercises of the analysis of pollutants found in spot water samples showed that there are often recurring problems of interlaboratory reproducibility especially when the pollutants are present in trace concentrations.5 Issues of poor reproducibility are often linked to the procedures used in collecting the water for analysis.
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