| 1. |
- Devda, V., et al.
(författare)
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Recovery of resources from industrial wastewater employing electrochemical technologies : status, advancements and perspectives
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 12:1, s. 4697-4718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last two decades, water use has increased at twice the rate of population growth. The freshwater resources are getting polluted by contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, organic waste, pathogens, fertilizers, and emerging pollutants. Globally more than 80% of the wastewater is released into the environment without proper treatment. Rapid industrialization has a dramatic effect on developing countries leading to significant losses to economic and health well-being in terms of toxicological impacts on humans and the environment through air, water, and soil pollution. This article provides an overview of physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove wastewater contaminants. A physical and/or chemical technique alone appears ineffective for recovering useful resources from wastewater containing complex components. There is a requirement for more processes or processes combined with membrane and biological processes to enhance operational efficiency and quality. More processes or those that are combined with biological and membrane-based processes are required to enhance operational efficiencies and quality. This paper intends to provide an exhaustive review of electrochemical technologies including microbial electrochemical technologies. It provides comprehensive information for the recovery of metals, nutrients, sulfur, hydrogen, and heat from industrial effluents. This article aims to give detailed information into the advancements in electrochemical processes to energy use, improve restoration performance, and achieve commercialization. It also covers bottlenecks and perspectives of this research area.
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| 2. |
- Koul, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial electrolysis : a promising approach for treatment and resource recovery from industrial wastewater
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 13:4, s. 8115-8134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wastewater is one of the most common by-products of almost every industrial process. Treatment of wastewater alone, before disposal, necessitates an excess of energy. Environmental concerns over the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy have prompted a surge in demand for alternative energy sources and the development of sophisticated procedures to extract energy from unconventional sources. Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater alone accounts for about 3% of global electricity use while the amount of energy embedded in the waste is at least 2-4 times greater than the energy required to treat the same effluent. The microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is one of the most efficient technologies for waste-to-product conversion that uses electrochemically active bacteria to convert organic matter into hydrogen or a variety of by-products without polluting the environment. This paper highlights existing obstacles and future potential in the integration of Microbial Electrolysis Cell with other processes like anaerobic digestion coupled system, anaerobic membrane bioreactor and thermoelectric micro converter.
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| 3. |
- Backe, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Serially connected EAP based tape yarns for in-air actuation using textile structures
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart textiles that have the capability for actuation are of great interest for creating wearables and haptic devices. Through the use of textile fabric production processes electroactive polymeric materials in the form of film-based yarns can be integrated and combined with passive yarns to create soft, actuating fabrics. This way single EAP materials can be transformed into segments consisting of multiple EAP yarns working together. Furthermore, these segments can be positioned within a fabric to work individually or simultaneously in different patterns by use of incorporated conductive yarn paths. While the chase for additivity in force is a long-standing part of developing new actuator structures, so is the need for additivity in displacement motion. Here we construct an actuating textile fabric through the process of weaving that is able to operate in-air using polypyrrole-based tape yarns with choline acetate ionic liquid. Finding the balance between the weaving parameters turned out to be key. We found that in a vertically suspended arrangement, a three-segment serially connected fabric assembly demonstrated an accumulative effect in displacement and a joint-like motion behaviour. This opens up for more complicated motion patterns to be created through textile processing of EAP materials.
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| 4. |
- Euler, Luisa, et al.
(författare)
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Textile Electrodes : Influence of Electrode Construction and Pressure on Stimulation Performance in Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE. - : IEEE. - 9781728111797 ; 2021, s. 1305-1308
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major reason for preventable hospital death isvenous thromboembolism (VTE). Non-pharmacologicaltreatment options include electrical stimulation or compressiontherapy to improve blood flow in the extremities. Textileelectrodes offer potential to replace bulky devices commonlyused in this field, thereby improving the user compliance. In thiswork, the performance of dry and wet knitted electrodes incombination with pressure application to the electrode wasevaluated in neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Amotor point stimulation on the calf was performed on ninehealthy subjects to induce a plantarflexion and the requiredstimulation intensity as well as the perceived pain were assessed.The performance of the different electrode constructions wascompared and the influence of the pressure application wasanalysed. The results show that wet textile electrodes (0.9 %saline solution) perform significantly better than dry electrodes.However, opportunities were found for improving theperformance of dry textile electrodes by using an uneven surfacetopography in combination with an intermediate to highpressure application to the electrode (> 20 mmHg), e.g. by usinga compression stocking. Moreover, the smaller of the two testedelectrode areas (16 cm2; 32 cm2) appears to be favourable interms of stimulation comfort and efficiency.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Juthberg, R., et al.
(författare)
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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in garments optimized for compliance
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposePhysical inactivity is associated with muscle atrophy and venous thromboembolism, which may be prevented by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). This study aimed to investigate the effect on discomfort, current amplitude and energy consumption when varying the frequency and phase duration of low-intensity NMES (LI-NMES) via a sock with knitting-integrated transverse textile electrodes (TTE).MethodsOn eleven healthy participants (four females), calf-NMES via a TTE sock was applied with increasing intensity (mA) until ankle-plantar flexion at which point outcomes were compared when testing frequencies 1, 3, 10 and 36 Hz and phase durations 75, 150, 200, 300 and 400 µs. Discomfort was assessed with a numerical rating scale (NRS, 0–10) and energy consumption was calculated and expressed in milli-Joule (mJ). Significance set to p ≤ 0.05.Results1 Hz yielded a median (inter-quartile range) NRS of 2.4 (1.0–3.4), significantly lower than both 3 Hz with NRS 2.8 (1.8–4.2), and 10 Hz with NRS 3.4 (1.4–5.4) (both p ≤ .014). Each increase in tested frequency resulted in significantly higher energy consumption, e.g. 0.6 mJ (0.5–0.8) for 1 Hz vs 14.9 mJ (12.3–21.2) for 36 Hz (p = .003). Longer phase durations had no significant effect on discomfort despite generally requiring significantly lower current amplitudes. Phase durations 150, 200 and 400 µs required significantly lower energy consumption compared to 75 µs (all p ≤ .037).ConclusionLI-NMES applied via a TTE sock produces a relevant plantar flexion of the ankle with the best comfort and lowest energy consumption using 1 Hz and phase durations 150, 200 or 400 µs.
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| 7. |
- Mishra, B., et al.
(författare)
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Engineering biocatalytic material for the remediation of pollutants : A comprehensive review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology & Innovation. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-1864. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioremediation through biotechnological interventions has attracted more attention among researchers in field of environmental pollution control and abatement. Various cutting-edge studies in area of protein engineering and synthetic biology offer a new platform for creation of innovative, advanced biological materials for its beneficial role in environmental pollution mitigation. Biocatalysis especially receives considerable attention as sustainable approach to resource recovery from waste along with elimination of pollutants. This paper focuses on updated developments in engineering of biocatalytic substances which can degrade pollutants of emerging concern. It also explains various classes of biocatalysts, their mechanisms of immobilization, and applications in terms of environmental pollutant remediation. Opportunities and challenges for future research have also been discussed.
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| 8. |
- Opolka, Yohann, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Integrated into Pants for the Relief of Postoperative Pain in Hip Surgery Patients: A Randomized Trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Pain Research & Management. - 1203-6765 .- 1918-1523. ; :1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The efect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain and impression of change was assessed during a 2.5-hour intervention on the frst postoperative days following hip surgery in a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial involving 30 patients.Methods. Mixed-frequency TENS (2 Hz/80 Hz) was administered using specially designed pants integrating modular textile electrodes to facilitate stimulation both at rest and during activity. The treatment outcome was assessed by self-reported pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores at four time points. The ability to perform a 3-meter walk test and the use of analgesics were also evaluated. Group comparison and repeated-measure analysis were carried out using nonparametric statistics.Results. The active TENS group exhibited signifcantly higher PGIC scores after 30 minutes, which persisted throughout the intervention (all p ≤ 0.001). A reduction in NRS appeared after one hour of active TENS, persisting throughout the intervention (all p ≤ 0.05). The median group diferences in pain ratings were greater than the minimum clinically important diference, and the analysis of pain trajectories confrmed clinical signifcance at the individual level. Moreover, patients in the active TENS group were more likely able to perform a 3-meter walk test by the end of the intervention (p = 0.04). Analysis of the opioid-sparing effect of TENS was inconclusive (p = 0.066). No postoperative surgical complications or TENS-related side efects were observed during the study.Conclusion. Mixed-frequency TENS integrated in pants could potentially be an interesting addition to the arsenal of treatments for multimodal analgesia following hip surgery. This trial is registered with NCT05678101.
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| 9. |
- Shindhal, T., et al.
(författare)
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A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 12:1, s. 70-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid industrialization has provided comforts to mankind but has also impacted the environment harmfully. There has been severe increase in the pollution due to several industries, in particular due to dye industry, which generate huge quantities of wastewater containing hazardous chemicals. Although tremendous developments have taken place for the treatment and management of such wastewater through chemical or biological processes, there is an emerging shift in the approach, with focus shifting on resource recovery from such wastewater and also their management in sustainable manner. This review article aims to present and discuss the most advanced and state-of-art technical and scientific developments about the treatment of dye industry wastewater, which include advanced oxidation process, membrane filtration technique, microbial technologies, bio-electrochemical degradation, photocatalytic degradation, etc. Among these technologies, microbial degradation seems highly promising for resource recovery and sustainability and has been discussed in detail as a promising approach. This paper also covers the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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| 10. |
- Sundström, C., et al.
(författare)
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Effects on hemodynamic enhancement and discomfort of a new textile electrode integrated in a sock during calf neuromuscular electrical stimulation
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To compare fixed transverse textile electrodes (TTE) knitted into a sock versus motor point placed standard gel electrodes (MPE) on peak venous velocity (PVV) and discomfort, during calf neuromuscular electrical stimulation (calf-NMES). Methods: Ten healthy participants received calf-NMES with increasing intensity until plantar flexion (measurement level I = ML I), and an additional mean 4 mA intensity (ML II), utilizing TTE and MPE. PVV was measured with Doppler ultrasound in the popliteal and femoral veins at baseline, ML I and II. Discomfort was assessed with a numerical rating scale (NRS, 0–10). Significance was set to p < 0.05. Results: TTE and MPE both induced significant increases in PVV from baseline to ML I and significantly higher increases to ML II, in both the popliteal and femoral veins (all p < 0.001). The popliteal increases of PVV from baseline to both ML I and II were significantly higher with TTE versus MPE (p < 0.05). The femoral increases of PVV from baseline to both ML I and II were not significantly different between TTE and MPE. TTE versus MPE resulted at ML I in higher mA and NRS (p < 0.001), and at ML II in higher mA (p = 0.005) while NRS was not significantly different. Conclusion: TTE integrated in a sock produces intensity-dependent increases of popliteal and femoral hemodynamics comparable to MPE, but results in more discomfort at plantar flexion due to higher current required. TTE exhibits in the popliteal vein higher increases of PVV compared to MPE. Trial registration: Trial_ID: ISRCTN49260430. Date: 11/01/2022. Retrospectively registered.
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