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- Fritz, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin resistance measured by the triglyceride-glucose index and risk of obesity-related cancers : An epidemiological investigation in more than 500,000 individuals.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 37:15, s. 1552-1552
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The role of insulin resistance as a mediator in the association of body mass index (BMI) with site-specific cancer risk has, to our knowledge, never been systematically quantified. We aimed to determine to what extent insulin resistance measured as the logarithmized triglyceride glucose product (TyG index) mediates the effect of BMI on risk of obesity-related cancers. Methods: A total of 510,471 individuals from six European cohorts with a mean age of 43.1 years were included in the study. We fitted Cox models, adjusted for relevant confounders, to investigate associations of TyG index with ten common obesity-related cancer sites, and quantified the proportion of the effect of BMI mediated through TyG index. Results: During a median follow-up of 17.2 years, 16 052 individuals developed obesity-related cancers. TyG index was associated with the risk of cancers of the kidney (hazard ratio (HR) per one standard deviation increase 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.20), liver (1.13, 1.04-1.23), pancreas (1.12, 1.06-1.19), colon (1.07, 1.03-1.10), and rectum (1.09, 1.04-1.14). Substantial proportions of the effect of BMI were mediated by TyG index for cancers of the pancreas (42%), rectum (34%), and colon (20%); smaller proportions for kidney (15%) and liver (11%); none for endometrium, ovary and breast (postmenopausal). Conclusions: In this pooled cohort study including more than 500,000 individuals, insulin resistance measured as the logarithmized triglyceride glucose product significantly mediated the effect of overweight and obesity on risk of cancers of the kidney, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum. In contrast, insulin resistance did not mediate the risk for cancers of the endometrium, ovary and breast. Our results confirm a promoting role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. Although often claimed, insulin resistance does not appear to connect excess body weight with cancers of the female reproductive organs.
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| 2. |
- Häggström, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Competing risk analysis of metabolic factors and prostate cancer
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Men at risk of prostate cancer are also at risk of competing events but this has been ignored in most studies of metabolic aberrations and prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to assess probabilities of prostate cancer and prostate cancer death by use of competing risk analysis.Methods: In the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can), data on body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected from 285 040 men. Probabilities of prostate cancer, prostate cancer death and competing events, i.e. all-cause death or death from other causes, respectively, were calculated for men with normal (bottom 84%) and high (top 16%) levels of each metabolic factor and a composite score based on all metabolic factorsResults: During follow up, 5893 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, 1013 men died of prostate cancer, and 26 328 men died of other causes. Men with high levels of metabolic factors had decreased probability of prostate cancer, similar probability of prostate cancer death, and increased probability of other causes of death compared to men with normal levels. After 1996, when prostate specific antigen was used for detection of prostate cancer, men up to 80 years with normal levels of metabolic factors had 13% probability of prostate cancer and 37% probability of death from all causes. For men with high levels of metabolic factors, corresponding probabilities were 12% and 47%.Conclusions: Men with metabolic aberrations had a decreased probability of prostate cancer but a substantially higher probability of death from all causes.
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| 3. |
- Häggström, Christel, 1980-
(författare)
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Metabolic factors and risk of prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Sweden with around 10,000 new cases every year. Kidney and bladder cancer are less common with 1,000 and 2,000 new cases annually, respectively. The incidence of these cancer sites is higher in developed, than in developing countries, suggesting an association between lifestyle and cancer risk. The aims of this thesis were to investigate body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides as risk factors for prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer. Furthermore, we aimed at assess probabilities of prostate cancer and competing events, all-cause death, for men with normal and high levels of metabolic factors.Material and methods: This thesis was conducted within the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can), a pooled cohort study with data from 578,700 participants from Norway, Sweden, and Austria. Data from metabolic factors were prospectively collected at health examinations and linked to the Cancer and Cause of Death registers in each country. Results: High levels of metabolic factors were not associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, but high levels of BMI and blood pressure were associated with risk of prostate cancer death. The probability of prostate cancer was higher for men with normal levels of metabolic factors compared to men with high levels, but the probability of all-cause death, was higher for men with high levels than for those with normal levels. For both men and women, high levels of metabolic factors were associated with increased risk of kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma). Furthermore, blood pressure for men and BMI for women were found as independent risk factors of kidney cancer. High blood pressure was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer for men.Conclusions: High levels of metabolic factors were associated to risk of kidney and bladder cancer and to death from kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer. Compared to men with normal levels, men with high levels of metabolic factors had a decreased probability of prostate cancer but an increased probability of all-cause death.
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| 7. |
- Tomic, Katarina, 1978-
(författare)
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Data quality in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Data in quality registers are increasingly used for quality assurance of health care, benchmarking, and research. If valid conclusions are to be drawn from such studies, it is vital that register data have high quality. The aim of this thesis was to assess data quality in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden, a nationwide register that since 1998 captures 98% of all cases of Prostate cancer (Pca) in Sweden. The proportion and characteristics of Pca cases not registered in NPCR was investigated in paper I. Four dimensions of data quality were evaluated for NPCR in paper II: completeness, timeliness, comparability, and validity. Proportion and characteristics of Pca cases registered in NPCR but with unknown risk category were investigated in paper III. Finally, the association between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Pca diagnosis, treatment, and mortality was studied in paper IV. Material and methods: Data quality of NPCR was studied by cross-linkages between NPCR and other health care registers and demographical databases by use of the Swedish personal identity number. Validity was further studied by re-abstraction of patient health care records, followed by comparison of re-abstracted and original register data.Results: Men not registered in NPCR, who constituted around 2% of all cases in the Swedish Cancer Register, differed only modestly in characteristics from cases in NPCR, indicating that NPCR is generalizable for all men with Pca in Sweden. Data quality in NPCR was high overall, with high completeness compared to the Swedish Cancer Register with registration mandated by law and few Pca cases were detected by use of death certificates. There was timely registration, and good comparability with registration forms and coding routines that were compliant with international guidelines. Data validity was high with high agreement and correlation for key variables. Men with unknown risk category had, compared to men with known risk category, more often concomitant bladder cancer, higher comorbidity, and lower Pca mortality. Men with high SES had, compared to men with low SES, higher probability of Pca detected during health checkup, shorter waiting times for prostatectomy, and higher probability of curative treatment for intermediate and high-risk cancer. Pca mortality was lower in men with high SES than in men with low SES for high-risk cancer.Conclusion: These results indicate that data quality in NPCR is high and that NPCR is population-based. There were consistent differences in diagnostic and therapeutic activity according to SES despite an equal access tax-financed healthcare system in Sweden.
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