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- Håkansson, N Thomas
(författare)
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Cattle, Climate, and Caravans : the Dynamics of Pastoralism, Trade, and Migration in 19th-Century East Africa
- 2022
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Ingår i: Migration in Africa : Shifting Patterns of Mobility from the 19th to the 21st Century. - London : Routledge. - 9781032125299 ; , s. 95-111
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores the interrelationships between the international trade in ivory, climate, migrations, and the expansion of pastoralism in 19th-century East Africa. The main thesis is that the ivory trade created an economic field of exchange that funneled cattle from the north to central East Africa. The increasing number of cattle, in turn, accelerated migrations from agricultural areas into pastoralist societies and spaces. A major and a minor drought that took place during this period influenced all of these. Earlier historical and anthropological studies of East African pastoralists have largely focused on local or regional adaptations to climate and the natural environment rather than on their dependence on trade and world system relationships. However, recent research emphasizes the changing and fluid regional economies, productive specializations, and long-distance trade that East African pastoralists shared with their peers in West Africa and the Middle East. Later, during the colonial period, while the parameters changed, the reasons for migrations continued to be conditioned by the same goals of social reproduction through cattle accumulation, social networks, and family expansion.
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| 2. |
- Håkansson, N Thomas
(författare)
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History and the Problem of Synchronic Models
- 2010
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Ingår i: Current Anthropology. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0011-3204 .- 1537-5382. ; 51, s. 105-107
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Håkansson, N Thomas
(författare)
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Inequality and the return to structure in anthropology
- 2017
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Ingår i: Reviews in Anthropology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0093-8157 .- 1556-3014. ; 46, s. 106-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The four books under review are all more or less explicitly critical of the impact of post-modernism on socio-cultural anthropology and archaeology. They all call for the building of anthropology by reconnecting to the earlier traditions of structural and comparative analysis. Although spanning both socio-cultural anthropology and archaeology, they set the focus clearly on the pervasive influence of inequality on social processes. The different authors demonstrate the explanatory power of concepts such as class, surplus, inequality, and structure for a multitude of contexts from prehistoric foragers to neo-liberal market ideologies.
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| 4. |
- Håkansson, N Thomas
(författare)
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Ivory: Socio-ecological consequences of the east african ivory trade
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ecology and Power : Struggles over Land and Material Resources in the Past, Present and Future. - : Routledge. - 9780415601467 ; :18, s. 124-142
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pastoralist populations in East Africa appear in the archaeological record 4,000–4,500 years ago, and specialized pastoralism has occurred and disappeared at different times and places over the last two or three millennia (Gifford-Gonzales 1998). While these geographically widespread pastoral societies have received much scholarly attention from a variety of disciplines, the prevailing interpretation of the long history of this socio-ecological specialization focuses on local and/or regional economic and ecological conditions. Yet, the emergence, maintenance, and spread of this form of livelihood as a productive specialization must be explained and not taken for granted. In the literature on East Africa, authors often view pastoralism as an unproblematic consequence of favorable environmental conditions and herd growth (e.g., Spencer 1998: 2–3; Marshall 1990; Schneider 1979). I argue here, like Henrichsen (2000), that pastoralism must be analyzed not as a given natural condition but as a result of wealth accumulation, which is historically constructed in contexts of social and economic world-system linkages. Furthermore, I argue that while instances of pastoralism may have occurred as local developments in time and space, the periods of widespread geographical and demographic expansions and contractions of pastoralist societies during the last millennium are linked to the global trade in ivory, and thus to the world-system.
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| 7. |
- Torrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Advancing urban transitions and transformations research
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. - : Elsevier. - 2210-4224. ; 41, s. 102-105
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban transitions and transformations research fosters a dialogue between sustainability transitions theory an inter- and transdisciplinary research on urban change. As a field, urban transitions and transformations research encompasses plural analytical and conceptual perspectives. In doing so, this field opens up sustainability transitions research to new communities of practice in urban environments, including mayors, transnational municipal networks, and international organizations.
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