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Sökning: WFRF:(Hamilton Ian) > Naturvetenskap

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1.
  • Woolway, R. Iestyn, et al. (författare)
  • Diel Surface Temperature Range Scales with Lake Size
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ecological and biogeochemical processes in lakes are strongly dependent upon water temperature. Long-term surface warming of many lakes is unequivocal, but little is known about the comparative magnitude of temperature variation at diel timescales, due to a lack of appropriately resolved data. Here we quantify the pattern and magnitude of diel temperature variability of surface waters using high-frequency data from 100 lakes. We show that the near-surface diel temperature range can be substantial in summer relative to long-term change and, for lakes smaller than 3 km(2), increases sharply and predictably with decreasing lake area. Most small lakes included in this study experience average summer diel ranges in their near-surface temperatures of between 4 and 7 degrees C. Large diel temperature fluctuations in the majority of lakes undoubtedly influence their structure, function and role in biogeochemical cycles, but the full implications remain largely unexplored.
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2.
  • Woolway, R. Iestyn, et al. (författare)
  • Latitude and lake size are important predictors of over-lake atmospheric stability
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 44:17, s. 8875-8883
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Turbulent fluxes across the air-water interface are integral to determining lake heat budgets, evaporation, and carbon emissions from lakes. The stability of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) influences the exchange of turbulent energy. We explore the differences in over-lake ABL stability using data from 39 globally distributed lakes. The frequency of unstable ABL conditions varied between lakes from 71 to 100% of the time, with average air temperatures typically several degrees below the average lake surface temperature. This difference increased with decreasing latitude, resulting in a more frequently unstable ABL and a more efficient energy transfer to and from the atmosphere, toward the tropics. In addition, during summer the frequency of unstable ABL conditions decreased with increasing lake surface area. The dependency of ABL stability on latitude and lake size has implications for heat loss and carbon fluxes from lakes, the hydrologic cycle, and climate change effects.
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3.
  • Al Jebali, Ramsey, et al. (författare)
  • A helium gas scintillator active target for photoreaction measurements
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 51:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A multi-cell He gas scintillator active target, designed for the measurement of photoreaction cross sections, is described. The target has four main chambers, giving an overall thickness of 0.103 g/cm(3) at an operating pressure of 2MPa. Scintillations are read out by photomultiplier tubes and the addition of small amounts of N-2 to the He, to shift the scintillation emission from UV to visible, is discussed. First results of measurements at the MAX IV Laboratory tagged-photon facility show that the target has a timing resolution of around 1 ns and can cope well with a high-flux photon beam. The determination of reaction cross sections from target yields relies on a Monte Carlo simulation, which considers scintillation light transport, photodisintegration processes in He-4, background photon interactions in target windows and interactions of the reaction-product particles in the gas and target container. The predictions of this simulation are compared to the measured target response.
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4.
  • Bonner, Stephen, et al. (författare)
  • A review of biomedical datasets relating to drug discovery: a knowledge graph perspective
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Briefings in Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1467-5463 .- 1477-4054. ; In Press
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Drug discovery and development is a complex and costly process. Machine learning approaches are being investigated to help improve the effectiveness and speed of multiple stages of the drug discovery pipeline. Of these, those that use Knowledge Graphs (KG) have promise in many tasks, including drug repurposing, drug toxicity prediction and target gene-disease prioritization. In a drug discovery KG, crucial elements including genes, diseases and drugs are represented as entities, while relationships between them indicate an interaction. However, to construct high-quality KGs, suitable data are required. In this review, we detail publicly available sources suitable for use in constructing drug discovery focused KGs. We aim to help guide machine learning and KG practitioners who are interested in applying new techniques to the drug discovery field, but who may be unfamiliar with the relevant data sources. The datasets are selected via strict criteria, categorized according to the primary type of information contained within and are considered based upon what information could be extracted to build a KG. We then present a comparative analysis of existing public drug discovery KGs and an evaluation of selected motivating case studies from the literature. Additionally, we raise numerous and unique challenges and issues associated with the domain and its datasets, while also highlighting key future research directions. We hope this review will motivate KGs use in solving key and emerging questions in the drug discovery domain.
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5.
  • Lindgren, Paula, et al. (författare)
  • Signatures of the post-hydration heating of highly aqueously altered CM carbonaceous chondrites and implications for interpreting asteroid sample returns
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037. ; 289, s. 69-92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The CM carbonaceous chondrites have all been aqueously altered, and some of them were subsequently heated in a parent body environment. Here we have sought to understand the impact of short duration heating on a highly aqueously altered CM through laboratory experiments on Allan Hills (ALH) 83100. Unheated ALH 83100 contains 83 volume per cent serpentine within the fine-grained matrix and altered chondrules. The matrix also hosts grains of calcite and dolomite, which are often intergrown with tochilinite, Fe(Ni) sulphides (pyrrhotite, pentlandite), magnetite and organic matter. Some of the magnetite formed by replacement of Fe(Ni) sulphides that were accreted from the nebula. Laboratory heating to 400 °C has caused partial dehydroxylation of serpentine and loss of isotopically light oxygen leading to an increase in bulk δ18O and fall in Δ17O. Tochilinite has decomposed to magnetite, whereas carbonates have remained unaltered. With regards to infrared spectroscopy (4000–400 cm−1; 2.5–25 µm), heating to 400 °C has resulted in decreased emissivity (increased reflectance), a sharper and more symmetric OH band at 3684 cm−1 (2.71 µm), a broadening of the Si[sbnd]O stretching band together with movement of its minimum to longer wavenumbers, and a decreasing depth of the Mg[sbnd]OH band (625 cm−1; 16 µm). The Si[sbnd]O bending band is unmodified by mild heating. With heating to 800 °C the serpentine has fully dehydroxylated and recrystallized to ∼Fo60/70 olivine. Bulk δ18O has further increased and Δ17O decreased. Troilite and pyrrhotite have formed, and recrystallization of pentlandite has produced Fe,Ni metal. Calcite and dolomite were calcined at ∼700 °C and in their place is an un-named Ca-Fe oxysulphide. Heating changes the structural order of organic matter so that Raman spectroscopy of carbon in the 800 °C sample shows an increased (D1 + D4) proportional area parameter. The infrared spectrum of the 800 °C sample confirms the abundance of Fe-bearing olivine and is very similar to the spectrum of naturally heated stage IV CM Pecora Escarpment 02010. The temperature-related mineralogical, chemical, isotopic and spectroscopic signatures defined in ALH 83100 will help to track the post-hydration thermal histories of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, and samples returned from the primitive asteroids Ryugu and Bennu.
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6.
  • Pilla, Rachel M., et al. (författare)
  • Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970–2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade−1, comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m−3 decade−1). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade−1), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from − 0.68 °C decade−1 to + 0.65 °C decade−1. The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences.
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7.
  • Sartz, Lotta, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Green Liquor Dregs from Pulp and Paper Industry used in Mine Waste Management : a Symbiosis Project (GLAD) between two Swedish Base Industries
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Mine Water & Circular Economy. - Lappeenranta, Finland : Lappeenranta University of Technology. - 9789523350656 ; , s. 862-868
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mining has been and still is an important industry in Sweden. Leaching from sulfidic mining waste is however a serious environmental issue that can bring acidity and metals in solution. Simultaneously, green liquor dreg (GLD) with potential to decrease oxygen transport to the waste and neutralize acid leachate, is generated by the pulp and paper industry and deposited in landfills. The aim of the project is to promote valorisation of GLD, identify hinders and create a database providing information about the material and its variability to enhance establishment of circular economy for the pulp and paper mill waste.
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8.
  • Westin, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Accessibility
  • 2021. - 2
  • Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Video Games. - : Greenwood International. - 9781440870194
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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9.
  • Westin, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Game Accessibility : Getting Started
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: The Digital Gaming Handbook. - : CRC Press. - 9780367513764 - 9780367223847 - 9780429274596 ; , s. 37-50
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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10.
  • Westin, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Game Accessibility Guidelines and WCAG 2.0 – A Gap Analysis
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Computers Helping People with Special Needs. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319942766 - 9783319942773 ; , s. 270-279
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Game accessibility is to remove unnecessary barriers for people with disabilities (PwD), within the limitation of game rules. Canvas in HTML5 and WebGL means that virtually every web browser is a game runtime environment. The problem is that web-based games can only be optimised to follow WCAG within limits of game rules and WCAG may not include what is needed for accessible games. The W3C Silver Taskforce is at the time of this writing preparing the next version of WCAG. This paper compares WCAG 2.0 and a set of current game accessibility guidelines (GAG), to answer: (1) Which similarities and differences can be found between WCAG 2.0 and GAG?; (2) How may these differences inform the W3C Silver Taskforce in the ongoing work to prepare the next version of WCAG?; and (3) How could the optimisation for accessibility in web-based games be performed? 107 GAGs were compared with WCAG 2.0, resulting in 61 survey questions plus comments and demographics, sent to experts and other users of WCAG. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted. Conclusions are that there is a clear gap but WCAG 2.1 bridges a few parts. Furthermore, the study seems relevant for the Silver Taskforce in understanding the demarcation line between apps in general and games and possibly for how extended reality applications could be made more accessible.
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