| 1. |
- Kulmala, M., et al.
(författare)
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General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) - integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 11:24, s. 13061-13143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe and summarize the main achievements of the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions project (EUCAARI). EUCAARI started on 1 January 2007 and ended on 31 December 2010 leaving a rich legacy including: (a) a comprehensive database with a year of observations of the physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosol particles over Europe, (b) comprehensive aerosol measurements in four developing countries, (c) a database of airborne measurements of aerosols and clouds over Europe during May 2008, (d) comprehensive modeling tools to study aerosol processes fron nano to global scale and their effects on climate and air quality. In addition a new Pan-European aerosol emissions inventory was developed and evaluated, a new cluster spectrometer was built and tested in the field and several new aerosol parameterizations and computations modules for chemical transport and global climate models were developed and evaluated. These achievements and related studies have substantially improved our understanding and reduced the uncertainties of aerosol radiative forcing and air quality-climate interactions. The EUCAARI results can be utilized in European and global environmental policy to assess the aerosol impacts and the corresponding abatement strategies.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Eye and Body Movements Characterized by Synchronized Sampling
- 1998
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Akselsson at the Department of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology) there some of the authors. (Engström) gained extensive grants (EU-financing and Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found). This publication was a result of the just mentioned EU-financing.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Mannequin Properties Desired for Ergonomic Evaluation of Car Interiors
- 1998
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Akselsson at the Department of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology) there some of the authors. (Engström) gained extensive grants (EU-financing and Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found). This publication has emanated from an EU-financed research project.
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| 4. |
- Monks, P. S., et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric composition change : global and regional air quality
- 2009
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 43:33, s. 5268-5350
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air quality transcends all scales with in the atmosphere from the local to the global with handovers and feedbacks at each scale interaction. Air quality has manifold effects on health, ecosystems heritage and, climate. In this review the state of scientific understanding in relation to global and regional air quality is outlined. The review discusses air quality, in terms of emissions, processing and transport of trace gases and aerosols. New insights into the characterization of both natural and anthropogenic emissions are reviewed looking at both natural (e.g. dust and lightning) as well as plant emissions. Trends in anthropogenic emissions both by region and globally are discussed as well as biomass burning emissions. In terms of chemical processing the major air quality elements of ozone, non-methane hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and aerosols are covered. A number of topics are presented as a way of integrating the process view into the atmospheric context; these include the atmospheric oxidation efficiency, halogen and HOx chemistry, nighttime chemistry, tropical chemistry, heat waves, megacities, biomass burning and the regional hot spot of the Mediterranean. New findings with respect to the transport of pollutants across the scales are discussed, in particular the move to quantify the impact of long-range transport on regional air quality. Gaps and research questions that remain intractable are identified. The review concludes with a focus of research and policy questions for the coming decade. In particular, the policy challenges for concerted air quality and climate change policy (co-benefit) are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Rikard, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Multiple computational modeling approaches for prediction of wound healing dynamics following pharmacologic intervention
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES) annual meeting, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 11-14 October 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetic wounds are known to have a delayed course of wound healing. We have recently demonstrated that injection of a synthetic modified RNA (modRNA) that enhances VEGF-A protein expression accelerates healing of full-thickness cutaneous wounds in db/db diabetic mice. Here, we compare two different computational modeling approaches to explore how the dosing amount and time course affect the rate of wound healing. We show that a partial differential equation (PDE) model is appropriate for questions concerning spatial resolution of healing throughout the wound, while a nonlinear mixed effect model (NLME) is more appropriate for capturing population level variations in healing rate when dealing with a sparse data set. Both models display sensitivity to varying dosing amount and timing.
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| 6. |
- Aurand, B., et al.
(författare)
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Manipulation of the spatial distribution of laser-accelerated proton beams by varying the laser intensity distribution
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7674 .- 1070-664X. ; 23:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a study of the spatial profile of proton beams produced through target normal sheath acceleration using flat target foils and changing the laser intensity distribution on the target front surface. This is done by either defocusing a single laser pulse or by using a split-pulse setup and irradiating the target with two identical laser pulses with variable spatial separation. The resulting proton beam profile and the energy spectrum are recorded as functions of the focal spot size of the single laser pulse and of the separation between the two pulses. A shaping of the resulting proton beam profile, related to both an increase in flux of low-energy protons in the target normal direction and a decrease in their divergence, in one or two dimensions, is observed. The results are explained by simple modelling of rear surface sheath field expansion, ionization, and projection of the resulting proton beam.
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| 7. |
- Ericsson, Lars O, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the excavation damaged zone by means of geological, geophysical and hydrogeological co-interpretation
- 2014
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Ingår i: 8th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium, ARMS 2014; Royton Sapporo, Hotel and Convention CenterSapporo; Japan; 14 October 2014 through 16 October 2014. - 9784907430030 ; , s. 1993-2001
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the years and within different R&D projects, SKB, the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB), has studied various aspects of a possible generated disturbed or damaged zone around a deposition tunnel for spent nuclear fuel. According to international nomenclature EDZ, the Excavation Damaged Zone, is defined as the blast damaged zone around a tunnel where the damage is not reversible. Knowledge about the EDZ and its possible hydraulic connectivity is essential for underground construction design, underground facility layout, work environment issues and analysis of post-closure safety. This paper will focus on strategies and methodology for determine the hydraulic connectivity of the EDZ for a KBS-3 nuclear waste repository. The integrated use of geological and geophysical methods will also be presented. Due to the hard rock conditions SKB has chosen drill and blast method for excavation of the repository of high level nuclear waste at the suggested site, Forsmark. The requirements of the blast design have been based on theoretical studies and follow up of excavation works under controlled conditions. The results of the excavation works must be verified by methods that provide rapid feedback to the contractor as well as its complete documentation. This documentation has the ambition to describe the initial conditions of the nuclear waste repository by conducting a safety assessment analysis that considers the possibility for migration of radionuclides. However, the final verification of the hydraulic properties of the EDZ has to be verified after completion of a deposition tunnel. SKB has conducted a project aiming at defining and developing standards, strategies and methods needed to design, and gather the sufficient specifications to procure underground construction works of the planned repository for spent nuclear fuel. One part of the project has focused on verifying the extension of the EDZ. The sub-project included geometrical, geological, geophysical and hydrogeological investigations and blasting design documentations. The hydraulic properties of water-saturated conditions in the tunnel floor were evaluated by robust and flexible test method approaches. Based on the proposed investigations it is possible to conduct hydraulic modelling that takes into account a more or less developed EDZ.
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| 8. |
- Erkintalo, M., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical modelling of frequency comb generation in nonlinear resonators
- 2016
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Ingår i: 16th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, NUSOD 2016, Sydney, Australia, 11-15 July 2016. - 2158-3234. - 9781467386036 ; , s. 187-188
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a comprehensive review of recent work on numerical modelling of frequency comb generation in coherently-driven nonlinear resonators. Specifically, we discuss modelling and nonlinear dynamics of frequency combs generated in Kerr nonlinear microresonators, emphasizing links to similar dynamics studied in macroscopic fibre cavities. In addition to established Kerr frequency comb generators, we will also discuss emerging comb generation platforms based on continuously-driven quadratically nonlinear resonators.
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| 9. |
- Ferri, Julien, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Proton acceleration by a pair of successive ultraintense femtosecond laser pulses
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Author(s). We investigate the target normal sheath acceleration of protons in thin aluminum targets irradiated at a relativistic intensity by two time-separated ultrashort (35 fs) laser pulses. When the full-energy laser pulse is temporally split into two identical half-energy pulses, and using target thicknesses of 3 and 6 μm, we observe experimentally that the second half-pulse boosts the maximum energy and charge of the proton beam produced by the first half-pulse for time delays below ∼0.6-1 ps. Using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we examine the variation of the proton energy spectra with respect to the time-delay between the two pulses. We demonstrate that the expansion of the target front surface caused by the first pulse significantly enhances the hot-electron generation by the second pulse arriving after a few hundreds of fs time delay. This enhancement, however, does not suffice to further accelerate the fastest protons driven by the first pulse once three-dimensional quenching effects have set in. This implies a limit to the maximum time delay that leads to proton energy enhancement, which we theoretically determine.
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| 10. |
- Genberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Light-absorbing carbon in Europe - measurement and modelling, with a focus on residential wood combustion emissions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 13:17, s. 8719-8738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atmospheric concentration of elemental carbon (EC) in Europe during the six-year period 2005-2010 has been simulated with the EMEP MSC-W model. The model bias compared to EC measurements was less than 20% for most of the examined sites. The model results suggest that fossil fuel combustion is the dominant source of EC in most of Europe but that there are important contributions also from residential wood burning during the cold seasons and, during certain episodes, also from open biomass burning (wildfires and agricultural fires). The modelled contributions from open biomass fires to ground level concentrations of EC were small at the sites included in the present study, <3% of the long-term average of EC in PM10. The modelling of this EC source is subject to many uncertainties, and it was likely underestimated for some episodes. EC measurements and modelled EC were also compared to optical measurements of black carbon (BC). The relationships between EC and BC (as given by mass absorption cross section, MAC, values) differed widely between the sites, and the correlation between observed EC and BC is sometimes poor, making it difficult to compare results using the two techniques and limiting the comparability of BC measurements to model EC results. A new bottom-up emission inventory for carbonaceous aerosol from residential wood combustion has been applied. For some countries the new inventory has substantially different EC emissions compared to earlier estimates. For northern Europe the most significant changes are much lower emissions in Norway and higher emissions in neighbouring Sweden and Finland. For Norway and Sweden, comparisons to source-apportionment data from winter campaigns indicate that the new inventory may improve model-calculated EC from wood burning. Finally, three different model setups were tested with variable atmospheric lifetimes of EC in order to evaluate the model sensitivity to the assumptions regarding hygroscopicity and atmospheric ageing of EC. The standard ageing scheme leads to a rapid transformation of the emitted hydrophobic EC to hygroscopic particles, and generates similar results when assuming that all EC is aged at the point of emission. Assuming hydrophobic emissions and no ageing leads to higher EC concentrations. For the more remote sites, the observed EC concentration was in between the modelled EC using standard ageing and the scenario treating EC as hydrophobic. This could indicate too-rapid EC ageing in the model in relatively clean parts of the atmosphere.
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