| 1. |
- Brouwers, Lisa, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-criteria decision-making of policy strategies with public-private re-insurance systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: Risk, Decision, and Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-5309 .- 1466-4534. ; 9:1, s. 23-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes an integrated flood catastrophe model as well as some results of a case study made in the Upper Tisza region in north-eastern Hungary: the Palad-Csecsei basin. The background data was provided through the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and complemented by interviews with different stakeholders in the region. Based on these data, for which a large degree of uncertainty is prevailing, we demonstrate how an implementation of a simulation and decision analytical model can provide insights into the effects of imposing different policy options for a flood risk management program in the region. We focus herein primarily on general options for designing a public-private insurance and reinsurance system for Hungary. Obviously, this is a multi-criteria and multi-stakeholder problem and cannot be solved using standard approaches. It should, however, be emphasised that the main purpose of this article is not to provide any definite recommendations, but rather to explore a set of policy packages that could gain a consensus among the stakeholders.
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| 2. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Disciplinary Research in Analytic Decision Support Systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: ITI 2006. - Zagreb : University Computing Centre SRCE, University of Zagreb. - 9537138054 ; , s. 123-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A main problem in decision support contexts is that unguided decision making is difficult and can lead to inefficient decision processes and undesired consequences. Therefore, decision support systems (DSSs) are of prime concern to any organization and there have been numerous approaches to delivering decision support from, e.g., computational, mathematical, financial, philosophical, psychological, and sociological angles. A key observation, however, is that effective and efficient decision making is not easily achieved by using methods from one discipline only. This paper describes some efforts made by the DECIDE Research Group to approach DSS development and decision making tools in a cross-disciplinary way.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for evaluation of flood management strategies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 86:3, s. 465-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resulting impact of disasters on society depends on the affected country's economic strength prior to the disaster. The larger the disaster and the smaller the economy, the more significant is the impact. This is clearest seen in developing countries, where weak economics become even weaker afterwards. Deliberate strategies for the sharing of losses from hazardous events may aid a country or a community in efficiently using scarce prevention and mitigation resources, thus being better prepared for the effects of a disaster. Nevertheless, many governments lack an adequate institutional system for applying cost effective and reliable technologies for disaster prevention, early warnings, and mitigation. Modelling by event analyses and strategy models is one way of planning ahead, but these models have so far not been linked together. An approach to this problem was taken during a large study in Hungary, the Tisza case study, where a number of policy strategies for spreading of flood loss were formulated. In these strategies, a set of parameters of particular interest were extracted from interviews with stakeholders in the region. However, the study was focused on emerging economies, and, in particular, on insurance strategies. The scope is now extended to become a functional framework also for developing countries. In general, they have a higher degree of vulnerability. The paper takes northern Vietnam as an example of a developing region. We identify important parameters and discuss their importance for flood strategy formulations. Based on the policy strategies in the Tisza case, we extract data from the strategies and propose a framework for loss spread in developing and emerging economics. The parameter set can straightforwardly be included in a simulation and decision model for policy formulation and evaluation, taking multiple stakeholders into account.
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| 4. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Actory : A Tool for Visualizing Reputation as a Means to Formalize Informal Social Behavior
- 2011
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Ingår i: The second International Conference on Reputation, ICORE 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate and challenge a normative liberal democratic view of participation, we propose an experimental system based on differences in reputation and user activity. Based on democratic meeting techniques and social media, basic principles for a groupware are formulated containing typical democratic features such as voting and discussion, but taking reputation into account and clarifying the individual's activities in relation to the group. The prototype stands in contrast to commonly used internet forums by highlighting differences in reputation and activity and making these visible and changeable by its users thus shedding some light on status and reputation issues in internet forums and groupware.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of a Flood Management Framework
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - Sundsvall. - 1653-4360. ; 4:1, s. 25-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer models are increasingly being used in society in order to gain an understanding of complex scientific and social problems. Despite a vast quantity of available modelling schemes, policy evaluation still remains one of the unsolved problems associated with flood management. Simulation models are increasingly employed for this problem as well as forming a basis for decision making. However, these models are often stand-alone and generally lack decision support for the evaluation of management policy strategies. We have, therefore, during recent years been developing a multi-criteria based framework (SEMPAI), particularly designed for flood damage strategy assessment in developing countries. The framework consists of a simulation model, a set of coping strategies, and a decision analytical tool. Needless to say, there are many aspects of such policy strategies that must be taken into consideration. In this paper, we assess some proposed features for evaluating flood management solutions through a qualitative study.
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with Complex Environmental and Societal Flood Risk Management Decisions : An Integrated Multi-criteria Framework
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 3:9, s. 1357-1380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During recent years, a great deal of attention has been focused on the financial risk management of natural disasters. One reason behind is that the economic losses from floods, windstorms, earthquakes and other disasters in both the developing and developed countries are escalating dramatically. It has become apparent that an integrated water resource management approach would be beneficial in order to take both the best interests of society and of the environment into consideration. One improvement consists of models capable of handling multiple criteria (conflicting objectives) as well as multiple stakeholders (conflicting interests). A systems approach is applied for coping with complex environmental and societal risk management decisions with respect to flood catastrophe policy formation, wherein the emphasis is on computer-based modeling and simulation techniques combined with methods for evaluating strategies where numerous stakeholders are incorporated in the process. The resulting framework consists of a simulation model, a decision analytical tool, and a set of suggested policy strategies for policy formulation. The framework will aid decision makers with high risk complex environmental decisions subject to significant uncertainties.
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity and Public Decision Making
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology: An International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. - : World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. - 2010-376X .- 2070-3740. ; :0071, s. 1678-1683, s. 1678-1683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the realm of e-government, the development has moved towards testing new means for democratic decision-making, like e-panels, electronic discussion forums, and polls. Although such new developments seem promising, they are not problem-free, and the outcomes are seldom used in the subsequent formal political procedures. Nevertheless, process models offer promising potential when it comes to structuring and supporting transparency of decision processes in order to facilitate the integration of the public into decision-making procedures in a reasonable and manageable way. Based on real-life cases of urban planning processes in Sweden, we present an outline for an integrated framework for public decision making to: a) provide tools for citizens to organize discussion and create opinions; b) enable governments, authorities, and institutions to better analyse these opinions; and c) enable governments to account for this information in planning and societal decision making by employing a process model for structured public decision making.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Formalizing informal social behavior : Developing a visual tool to support collaborative discussions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Collaborative Computing. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467306836 ; , s. 422-429
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In technological development in the area of e- democracy in-group equality is taken for granted. However, inequality in online communication is just as common as in other social contexts. To research the effects of starting from the presupposition of inequality we have developed a groupware for discussions. Based on democratic meeting techniques and social media it takes the form of a strategic game. The score within the game reflect user activity and the reactions to the activity in a dynamic way. Existing groupware and Internet forums available share the measurement of user activity but their evaluation systems are hidden from the user and not open to change. Instead, our system offers many reaction mechanisms that all add to the score for a user that can be seen as the expression of the user’s status. The calculation and weighing mechanisms are open to inspection and change by the users. Hierarchical roles reflecting game levels may be attached to rights of what a specific user may change. The prototype presented in this paper will be evaluated in the next phase of the design research process.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of a Decision Theoretical Framework : A case study of the Red River Delta in Vietnam
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference. - Menlo Park, CA : AAAI Press. - 9781577352617 ; , s. 824-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We describe an application and implementation of a decision framework developed for selection of flood management strategies. It concerns developing countries in particular. The framework is developed to provide policy support and advice about water governance to meet demands at national, local, and river basin levels and can be of assistance as a tool for hazard management. The components in this framework are a simulation module interlinked with a decision module. The tool helps to analyse complex decisions that contain large degrees of uncertainty and number of interconnections.
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