| 1. |
- Adolfsson, Päivi, et al.
(författare)
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Perception of the influence of environmental factors in the use of electronic planning devices in adults with cognitive disabilities
- 2016
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 11:6, s. 493-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adults with cognitive disabilities often have difficulties in dealing with the complexity of everyday life. With cognitive assistive technology (e.g. electronic planning devices [EPDs] and individual support), they can bring order to their often chaotic life. Assumptions are that environmental factors influence with non-use of EPDs.Objective: To explore how adults with cognitive disabilities perceive the influence of environmental factors in the use of EPDs.Methods: A reference group with experience of use of EPDs assisted the researchers. Twelve adults with cognitive disabilities and experience of using EPDs participated. An interview guide was implemented covering environmental factors according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Qualitative content analysis was applied in the analyses.Results: Five categories and two themes emerged, which were integrated into a model of facilitating factors influencing the use of EPDs. Measures to prevent or eliminate negative influences of the device use are important to be taken.Conclusions: Professionals need more knowledge about EPDs, while users need individual adaption of the EPDs. EPDs need to be user-friendly, manageable and work in any seasons.
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| 2. |
- Ahmadi, Zainab, et al.
(författare)
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Agreement of the modified Medical Research Council and New York Heart Association scales for assessing the impact of self-rated breathlessness in cardiopulmonary disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The functional impact of breathlessness is assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale for chronic respiratory disease and with the New York Heart Association Functional Classification (NYHA) scale for heart failure. We evaluated agreement between the scales and their concurrent validity with other clinically relevant patient-reported outcomes in cardiorespiratory disease.Methods: Outpatients with stable chronic respiratory disease or heart failure were recruited. Agreement between the mMRC and NYHA scales was analysed using Cramér's V and Kendall's tau B tests. Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlations with clinically relevant measures of breathlessness, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life. Analyses were conducted for all participants and separately in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure.Results: In a total of 182 participants with cardiorespiratory disease, the agreement between the mMRC and NYHA scales was moderate (Cramér's V: 0.46; Kendall's tau B: 0.57) with similar results for COPD (Cramér's V: 0.46; Kendall's tau B: 0.66) and heart failure (Cramér's V: 0.46; Kendall's tau B: 0.67). In the total population, the scales correlated in similar ways to other patient-reported outcomes.Conclusion: In outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease, the mMRC and NYHA scales show moderate to strong correlations and similar associations with other patient-reported outcomes. This supports that the scales are comparable when assessing the impact of breathlessness on function and patient-reported outcomes.
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| 3. |
- Asp, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av grundkurs för Räddningsinsats : Måluppfyllelse och målrelevans
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Över 60 procent av brandmännen i Sverige är anställda som räddningstjänstpersonal i beredskap och arbetar deltid inom kommunal räddningstjänst. Deras huvudsakliga utbildning är grundkurs för Räddningsinsats som årligen genomförs på ett flertal platser i landet med MSB som huvudman.Utvärderingen visar att grundkurs för Räddningsinsats är en uppskattad utbildning, både av studerande och avnämare, som i hög grad uppfyller räddningstjänsternas behov. Trots detta finns det många förslag på förbättringar av utbildningen. Många synpunkter handlar om att anpassa utbildningen till förändringar som skett inom räddningstjänsterna. Kunskapsområdet Prehospitalt akut omhändertagande bör utökas med suicidkunskap, anhörigstöd och socialt omhändertagande samt hjärt-lungräddning för att anpassa kunskapsområdet till nya behov. För att öka studerandenas förståelse för samtliga kunskapsområdens relevans bör en stor del av undervisningen och övningarna vara ämnesövergripande. Övningarna bör också genomföras med en flexibel syn på insatsorganisation och med ett jämnt fokus på olika släckmetoder.Många respondenter har efterfrågat en anpassning av grundkurs för Räddningsinsats till lokala förhållanden. Eftersom skillnaderna mellan landets räddningstjänster vad gäller organisering, riskbilder och stationernas behov, är stora bör en sådan anpassning göras under preparandkursen och inte under grundkursen.
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| 4. |
- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(författare)
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Counselor and Drug Detox Inpatient Verbal Behaviors in a Single Session of Motivational Interviewing and Subsequent Substance Use-Related Patient Outcomes
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 17:1, s. 73-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of counselor and client verbal behaviors, in a single motivational interviewing (MI) session during inpatient detoxification, were evaluated in relation to 17 study participants' self-reported drug use 3 months later. Also, counselor-to-client transitions in the single MI session were explored for 24 participants, using the Motivational Interviewing Sequential Code for Observing Process Exchanges (MI-SCOPE) coding instrument. Surprisingly, counselor neutral/double-sided reflections predicted lower levels of drug use (r = -0.42), higher treatment interest (r = 0.40), and self-efficacy for abstaining from drug use when experiencing positive feelings (r=0.48) and negative feelings or craving (r = 0.40). Client change talk predicted motivation to change (r = 0.42) and perceptions of negative aspects of drug use (r = 0.44), while higher levels of client sustain talk predicted lower levels of drug use (r = -0.45) and lower interest in treatment (r = -0.68). The counselor-client transition analysis showed an odds ratio (OR) of 13.84 (95% CI 9.75; 19.66) for client change talk in response to counselor reflections on change talk (RCT), and an OR of 55.98 (95% CI 26.53; 118.12) for client sustain talk in response to counselor reflections on sustain talk (RST). Future research should increase sample size and extend follow-up.
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| 5. |
- Bondesson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Att samverka i kris : vanliga människor i ovanliga situationer
- 2019. - 1
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- I Att samverka i kris möter vi människor som i akuta krissituationer ställs inför olika samarbetsproblem och dilemman. Deras historier berättas i skönlitterär form och illustrerar inlevelsefullt mellanmänskligt samspel i krislägen. Berättelserna levandegör de efterföljande analyserna och teoretiskt förankrade resonemangen där författarna kartlägger och belyser problematik och trångmål som uppstår under kritiska omständigheter.Stoffet i skildringarna är empiriskt material från verkliga situationer som terrordåd och skogsbränder, och författarna har lagt sig vinn om att på ett pedagogiskt sätt visa på de utmaningar som kan uppstå vid samverkan i krissituationer. De analyserar händelseförloppen med hjälp av forskningsrön och beskriver också det svenska förvaltningssystemets betydelse för respektive krissituation. På så vis får läsaren även med sig kunskaper om det svenska krisberedskapssystemet. Boken lämpar sig för studenter, yrkesverksamma och andra med intresse för krishantering, krisberedskap och samverkan.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Davidsson, Lars, 1974-
(författare)
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I linje med partiet? : Maktspel och lojalitet i den svenska riksdagen
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The preconditions for Swedish MPs’ (Members of Parliament) loyalty to their parliamentary party groups have been modified by two recent constitutional changes: the introduction of preference voting in the electoral system in 1998, and the 1997 reorganisation of the national budgetary process. The main purpose of this thesis is to determine the impact of these reforms on Swedish MPs’ inclination to defect from their party group’s interests. A theory is developed and its propositions empirically tested on the case of the Swedish Parliament. The theory states that the tasks of forming and upholding the party line are delegated from the party group to an elected leadership, and then re-delegated back to individual MPs. The party group leadership acts as a principal, monitoring the adherence of MPs as agents to party group interests in the fulfilment of these tasks. The nature of the interaction varies with the type of parliamentary activity, and the monitoring capacity of the leadership. This theory is strongly supported by Swedish data, and a comparative overview indicates that the theory may also be useful for analysing party loyalty in other parliamentary systems.The thesis uses a mixed methodology design, combining data from a survey study, an interview study, and a document study of Private Member Initiatives.The preference vote reform has increased MPs' willingness to defect, as well as actual defections from their party group’s interests. The effect is, however, mainly limited to electorally vulnerable MPs, who after the reform need to build a personal political profile. The budget reform has decreased defection on budgetary issues, but from a fairly low starting level. A third effect on party loyalty is found, in that the youngest generation MPs are significantly more prone to defect than their colleagues of older generations.
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| 8. |
- Deiaco, Hanna
(författare)
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Rethinking Civil-Military Collaboration : A Relational Practice Approach to Total Defense in Sweden
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis stems from the research problem that, despite extolling the validity of relational dependencies for understanding civil-military collaboration, the interdisciplinary scholarship is notably lacking in empirical depth regarding the underlying relational dynamics in actual activities. The aim of the monograph is therefore to explore the underlying relational dynamics of civil-military collaboration. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s relational approach to practice – and more specifically his thinking tools of field, capital and habitus – the thesis provides an empirically rich analysis of how Sweden’s total defense is practiced. By interviewing and observing various practitioners, I analyze how the development and organization of total defense as a field and various sub-fields, the distribution of symbolic, cultural and economic capital, and officials’ (un)shared dispositions, or habitus, reveal various seldom studied underlying relational dynamics of civil-military collaboration. The results indicate that struggles between military and civil crisis management officials organized around the stake of how total defense should be practiced are grounded in two competing logics of practice: one military and one civil crisis management. The study concludes that these logics of practice constitute particular relational dynamics at play, and struggles that shape civil-military collaboration beyond previous research that lists certain established well-known prerequisites for civil-military collaboration. This conclusion can help researchers and practitioners avoid treating the prerequisites for collaboration as merely instrumentalist, while they inherently embody underlying relational dynamics.
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| 9. |
- Ekström, Magnus P., et al.
(författare)
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Minimal Clinically Important Differences and Feasibility of Dyspnea-12 and the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile in Cardiorespiratory Disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. - : Elsevier. - 0885-3924 .- 1873-6513. ; 60:5, s. 968-975
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom in cardiorespiratory disease and consists of multiple dimensions that can be measured using the instruments Dyspnea-12 (D12) and the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of all D12 and MDP summary and subdomain scores as well as the instruments' feasibility in patients with cardiorespiratory disease. Methods: Prospective multicenter cohort study of outpatients with diagnosed cardiorespiratory disease and breathlessness in daily life. D12 and MDP were assessed at baseline, after 30-90 minutes and two weeks. MCIDs were calculated using anchor-based and distributional methods for summary and subdomain scores. Feasibility was assessed as rate of missing data, help required, self-reported difficulty, and completion time. Results: A total 182 outpatients (53.3% women) were included; main diagnoses were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 25%), asthma (21%), heart failure (19%), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (19%). Anchor-based MCIDs were for D12 total score 2.83 (95% CI 1.99-3.66); D12 physical 1.81 (1.29-2.34); D12 affective 1.07 (0.64-1.49); MDP A1 unpleasantness 0.82 (0.56-1.08); MDP perception 4.63 (3.21-6.05), and MDP emotional score 2.37 (1.10-3.64). The estimates were consistent with small-to-moderate effect sizes using distributional analysis, and MCIDs were similar between COPD and non-COPD patients. The instruments were generally feasible and quick to use. Conclusion: D12 and MDP are responsive to change and feasible for use for assessing multidimensional breathlessness in outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease. MCIDs were determined for use as endpoints in clinical trials.
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| 10. |
- Ekström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Swedish Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) in outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Respiratory Research. - : BMJ. - 2052-4439. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom in cardiorespiratory disease. An instrument for measuring different aspects of breathlessness was recently developed, the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). This study aimed to validate the MDP in terms of the underlying factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and concurrent validity in Swedish outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease. Methods Outpatients with stable cardiorespiratory disease and breathlessness in daily life were recruited. Factor structure of MDP was analysed using confirmatory factor analysis; internal consistency was analysed using Cronbach's alpha; and test-retest reliability was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for patients with unchanged breathlessness between assessments (baseline, after 30-90 min and 2 weeks). Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlations with validated scales of breathlessness, anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life. Results In total, 182 outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease and breathlessness in daily life were included; 53.3% were women; main diagnoses were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24.7%), asthma (21.4%), heart failure (19.2%) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (18.7%). The MDP total, immediate perception and emotional response scores, and individual item scores showed expected factor structure and acceptable measurement properties: internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, range 0.80-0.93); test-retest reliability at 30-90 min and 2 weeks (ICC, range 0.67-0.91); and concurrent validity. There was no evidence of a learning effect. Findings were similar between diagnoses. Discussion MDP is a valid instrument for multidimensional measurement of breathlessness in Swedish outpatients across cardiorespiratory diseases.
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