| 1. |
- Graham, E. K., et al.
(författare)
-
Personality predicts mortality risk: An integrative data analysis of 15 international longitudinal studies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566. ; 70, s. 174-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the Big Five personality traits as predictors of mortality risk, and smoking as a mediator of that association. Replication was built into the fabric of our design: we used a Coordinated Analysis with 15 international datasets, representing 44,094 participants. We found that high neuroticism and low conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness were consistent predictors of mortality across studies. Smoking had a small mediating effect for neuroticism. Country and baseline age explained variation in effects: studies with older baseline age showed a pattern of protective effects (HR < 1.00) for openness, and U.S. studies showed a pattern of protective effects for extraversion. This study demonstrated coordinated analysis as a powerful approach to enhance replicability and reproducibility, especially for aging-related longitudinal research. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
|
|
| 2. |
- Brown, C.L, et al.
(författare)
-
Social Activity and Cognitive Functioning Over Time
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Aging Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-2204 .- 2090-2212.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social activity is typically viewed as part of an engaged lifestyle that may help mitigate the deleterious effects of advanced age on cognitive function. As such, social activity has been examined in relation to cognitive abilities later in life. However, longitudinal evidence for this hypothesis thus far remains inconclusive. The current study sought to clarify the relationship between social activity and cognitive function over time using a coordinated data analysis approach across four longitudinal studies. A series of multilevel growth models with social activity included as a covariate is presented. Four domains of cognitive function were assessed: reasoning, memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge. Results suggest that baseline social activity is related to some, but not all, cognitive functions. Baseline social activity levels failed to predict rate of decline in most cognitive abilities. Changes in social activity were not consistently associated with cognitive functioning. Our findings do not provide consistent evidence that changes in social activity correspond to immediate benefits in cognitive functioning, except perhaps for verbal fluency.
|
|
| 3. |
- Graham, E. K., et al.
(författare)
-
Trajectories of Big Five Personality Traits: A Coordinated Analysis of 16 Longitudinal Samplesty
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Personality. - : SAGE Publications. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 34:3, s. 301-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study assessed change in self-reported Big Five personality traits. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis using data from 16 longitudinal samples, comprising a total sample of over 60 000 participants. We coordinated models across multiple datasets and fit identical multi-level growth models to assess and compare the extent of trait change over time. Quadratic change was assessed in a subset of samples with four or more measurement occasions. Across studies, the linear trajectory models revealed declines in conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness. Non-linear models suggested late-life increases in neuroticism. Meta-analytic summaries indicated that the fixed effects of personality change are somewhat heterogeneous and that the variability in trait change is partially explained by sample age, country of origin, and personality measurement method. We also found mixed evidence for predictors of change, specifically for sex and baseline age. This study demonstrates the importance of coordinated conceptual replications for accelerating the accumulation of robust and reliable findings in the lifespan developmental psychological sciences. (c) 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
|
|
| 4. |
- Mitchell, M.B, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitively stimulating activities: Effects on cognition across four studies with up to 21 years of longitudinal data
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Aging Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-2204 .- 2090-2212. ; 2012
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engagement in cognitively stimulating activities has been considered to maintain or strengthen cognitive skills, thereby minimizing age-related cognitive decline. While the idea that there may be a modifiable behavior that could lower risk for cognitive decline is appealing and potentially empowering for older adults, research findings have not consistently supported the beneficial effects of engaging in cognitively stimulating tasks. Using observational studies of naturalistic cognitive activities, we report a series of mixed effects models that include baseline and change in cognitive activity predicting cognitive outcomes over up to 21 years in four longitudinal studies of aging. Consistent evidence was found for cross-sectional relationships between level of cognitive activity and cognitive test performance. Baseline activity at an earlier age did not, however, predict rate of decline later in life, thus not supporting the concept that engaging in cognitive activity at an earlier point in time increases one's ability to mitigate future age-related cognitive decline. In contrast, change in activity was associated with relative change in cognitive performance. Results therefore suggest that change in cognitive activity from one's previous level has at least a transitory association with cognitive performance measured at the same point in time.
|
|
| 5. |
- Proctor, D.N, et al.
(författare)
-
Longitudinal changes in physical functional performance among the oldest old: insight from a study of Swedish twins
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. ; 18:6, s. 517-530
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary purpose was to characterize mean and individual-level patterns of change in physical functional performance over eight years (2 year intervals) in a community dwelling sample of Swedish twins (579 men and women aged 79-96 years at baseline). RESULTS: Mixed linear models revealed linear rates of decline for handgrip strength (grip) and time to complete five chair stands, and accelerating decline for peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) for both sexes. Significant random effects were found for intercept and time for grip and PEFR tests, indicating differences between participants initially and over time. Individual differ-ences in chairstand performance were significant for initial status only. Age at baseline was predictive of initial status in grip, PEFR and chair performance (women only), but not rate of change. Measures of body size at baseline were predictive of individual variation in initial grip (height), PEFR (weight in men, height in women), and chair performance (height), but had less consistent associations with changes in test performance over time. In the deceased sub-sample (85% of participants), having been further from death was related to less steep de-clines in grip, but not PEFR or chair performance. Twins from the same pair were related in initial status (twin level variance ~30-70%), but they were not generally related in rate of change. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that changes in physical functional perform-ance in an elderly, community dwelling population vary across individuals in a test and sex-dependent manner. Constitutional variables (age, sex, body size) are predictive of baseline performance, but explain little variance in change over time. Initial status and rate of change in grip strength had the strongest association with proximity from death, indicating that while PEFR and repeated chair stand time are useful tests to assess function, grip strength appears to be a particularly useful biomarker in the oldest- old.
|
|
| 6. |
- Duggan, E. C., et al.
(författare)
-
A Multi-study Coordinated Meta-analysis of Pulmonary Function and Cognition in Aging
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journals of Gerontology Series a-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 74:11, s. 1793-1804
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Substantial research is dedicated to understanding the aging-related dynamics among Methods: We performed coordinated analysis of bivariate growth models in data from 20,586 Results: We found consistent but weak baseline and longitudinal associations in levels of pulmonary Conclusions: Results provide limited evidence for a consistent link between simultaneous changes in
|
|
| 7. |
- Hassing, Linda, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Type 2 diabetes mellitus contributes to cognitive change in the oldest old: A longitudinal population-based study
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. ; :10, s. 599-607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined change in neuropsychological test performance related to type 2 diabetes mellitus across a 6-year interval. A population-based sample of 274 elderly participants (36 with diabetes and 238 without diabetes) was examined at four occasions at a 2-year interval. The participants were 80–93 years of age (M 5 82.8 years) and without dementia at baseline. The test battery included tests of speed, visuospatial ability, short-term memory, semantic memory, episodic memory, and the Mini Mental Status Examination. Several models, taking into account diabetes and demographic data, were analyzed using SAS Proc Mixed multilevel modeling. At baseline, there were no significant differences in the neuropsychological tests related to diabetes. The longitudinal analyses, however, showed that diabetes was a significant predictor of decline for many of the tests. These findings points to the conclusion that type 2 diabetes is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in old age that may result in dementia.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, Boo, et al.
(författare)
-
Change in cognitive cababilities in the old-old: The effects of proximity to death in genetically-related individuals over a six-year period.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Psych Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). ; :19, s. 145-156
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Change in cognitive abilities was assessed over a 6-year period in a sample of monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twin pairs (N = 507 individuals), aged 80 and older (mean age = 83.3 years: SD = 3.1). who remained nondemented over the course of the study. Latent growth models (LGMs) show that chronological age and time to death are consistent predictors of decline in measures of memory, reasoning, speed, and verbal abilities. Multivariate LGM analysis resulted in weak and often negative correlations among rates of change between individuals within twin pairs, indicating greater differential change within twin pairs than occurs on average across twin pairs. These findings highlight several challenges for estimating genetic sources of variance in the context of compromised health and mortality-related change
|
|
