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- Amid Hägg, Shadi, et al.
(författare)
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Smokers with insomnia symptoms are less likely to stop smoking
- 2020
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Smoking is associated with sleep disturbances. The aim of this study was to analyze whether sleep disturbances are predictors of smoking cessation and whether continued smoking is associated with the development of sleep disturbances. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to randomly selected men and women in Northern Europe in 1999-2001 (RHINE II) and was followed up by a questionnaire in 2010-2012 (RHINE III). The study population consisted of 2568 participants who were smokers at baseline and provided data on smoking at follow-up. Insomnia symptoms were defined as having difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep and/or early morning awakening >= 3 nights/week. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (OR). Results: Subjects with difficulty initiating sleep (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 0.6; 0.4-0.8), difficulty maintaining sleep (0.7; 0.5-0.9), early morning awakening (0.6; 0.4-0.8), any insomnia symptom (0.6; 0.5-0.8) or excessive daytime sleepiness (0.7; 0.5-0.8) were less likely to achieve long-term smoking cessation after adjustment for age, BMI, pack-years, hypertension, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, rhinitis, asthma, gender and BMI difference. There was no significant association between snoring and smoking cessation. In subjects without sleep disturbance at baseline, continued smoking increased the risk of developing difficulty initiating sleep during the follow-up period compared with those that had quit smoking (adj. OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.3). Conclusions: Insomnia symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness negatively predict smoking cessation. Smoking is a risk factor for the development of difficulty initiating sleep. Treatment for sleep disturbances should be included in smoking-cessation programs.
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| 2. |
- Bake, Björn, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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Exhaled Particles After a Standardized Breathing Maneuver
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1941-2711 .- 1941-2703. ; 30:4, s. 267-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Particles in exhaled air (PEx) provide samples of respiratory tract lining fluid from small airways and offer a new opportunity to monitor pathological changes. The exhaled particles are produced by reopening of closed small airways and contain surfactant. The amount of PEx varies by orders of magnitude among subjects. A standardized breathing pattern reduces the variation, but it remains large and the reasons are unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess to what extent sex, age, body size, and spirometry results explain the interindividual variation of PEx among healthy middle-aged subjects. Methods: The PExA((R)) instrument was used to measure PEx in 126 healthy middle-aged nonsmoking subjects participating in the European Respiratory Community Health Survey (ERCS-III). The subjects performed a standardized breathing maneuver involving expiration to residual volume, a breath-hold of 3 seconds, a full inspiration, and then a full expiration into the PExA instrument. PEx number concentrations were expressed per exhalation and per exhaled liter. Age and anthropometric and spirometric variables were analyzed as potential predictors. Results: PEx/L was consistently and negatively associated to lung size-related variables and accordingly lower in men than in women. PEx/Exhalation was similar in women and men. Increasing age was associated with increasing PEx. Reference equations are presented based on age, weight, and spirometry variables and independent of sex. These predictors explained 28%-29% of the interindividual variation. Conclusions: The interindividual variation of PEx after a standardized breathing maneuver is large and the considered predictors explain a minor part only.
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| 3. |
- Hussain-Alkhateeb, Laith, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Novel non-invasive particles in exhaled air method to explore the lining fluid of small airways-a European population-based cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open respiratory research. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2052-4439. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Respiratory tract lining fluid of small airways mainly consists of surfactant that can be investigated by collection of the particles of exhaled aerosol (PExA) method. This offers an exciting prospect to monitor small airway pathology, including subjects with asthma and smokers.AIM: To explore the influence of anthropometric factors and gender on phospholipids, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and albumin of the lining fluid of small airwaysand to examine the association with asthma and smoking. Furthermore, to examine if the surfactant components can predict lung function in terms of spirometry variables.METHOD: This study employs the population-based cohort of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III, including participants from Gothenburg city, Sweden (n=200). The PExA method enabled quantitative description and analytical analysis of phospholipids, SP-A and albumin of the lining fluid of small airways.RESULTS: Age was a significant predictor of the phospholipids. The components PC14:0/16:0, PC16:0/18:2 (PC, phosphatidylcholine) and SP-A were higher among subjects with asthma, whereas albumin was lower. Among smokers, there were higher levels particularly of di-palmitoyl-di-phosphatidyl-choline compared with non-smokers. Most phospholipids significantly predicted the spirometry variables.CONCLUSION: This non-invasive PExA method appears to have great potential to explore the role of lipids and proteins of surfactant in respiratory disease.
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| 4. |
- Kim, Jeong-Lim, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of occupational exposures on exacerbation of asthma: a population-based asthma cohort study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC pulmonary medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2466. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is a prevalent chronic disease and occupation contributes to approximately 15 % of cases among adults. However, there are still few studies on risk factors for work-exacerbated asthma. The current study investigated the association between asthma exacerbations and occupational exposures.The study comprised all currently working adults (n = 1356) who reported ever asthma in prior population-based cohorts. All subjects completed a questionnaire about exposures, occupations and exacerbations of asthma. Exposure to high and low molecular weight agents, irritating agents and asthmagens were classified using the asthma-specific job exposure matrix for northern Europe (N-JEM). Severe exacerbation of asthma was defined as sought emergency care at a hospital, admitted to a hospital overnight, or made an urgent visit to a primary care physician or district medical office due to breathing problems during the last 12 months. Moderate exacerbation was defined as both being not severe exacerbation and an additional visit to a primary care physician or district medical office, or had extra treatments with corticosteroid tablets. Mild exacerbation was defined as being neither severe nor moderate exacerbation, and increasing usage of inhaled corticosteroids. Multiple logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between exacerbation of asthma and occupational exposures while adjusting for potential confounders.Approximately 26 % of the working asthmatics reported exacerbation, and more than two-thirds of them had moderate or severe exacerbation. From 23 to 49 % of the asthmatics reported occupational exposure to a variety of different types of agents. Exposure to any gas, smoke or dust (OR 1.7[95 % CI 1.2-2.6]) was associated with severe exacerbation of asthma, as were organic dust (OR 1.7[1.2-2.5]), dampness and mold (OR 1.8[1.2-2.7]), cold conditions (OR 1.7[1.1-2.7]), and a physically strenuous job (OR 1.6[1.03-2.3]). Asthmagens and low molecular weight agents classified by the N-JEM were associated with mild exacerbation, with OR 1.6[1.1-2.5] and OR 2.2[1.1-4.4], respectively.Self-reported exposure to any gas, smoke or dust, organic dust, dampness and mold, cold conditions and physically strenuous work, and jobs handling low molecular weight agents were associated with exacerbation of asthma. Reduction of these occupational exposures may help to reduce exacerbation of asthma.
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