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- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Continuation of CPR on admission to Emergency Department after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Occurence, characteristics and outcome
- 1997
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 33:3, s. 223-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the occurrence, characteristics and outcome among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who required continuation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on admission to the emergency department. PATIENTS: all patients in the municipality of Göteborg who suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, were reached by the emergency medical service (EMS) system and in whom CPR was initiated. Period for inclusion in study: 1 Oct. 1980-31 Dec. 1992. RESULTS: of 334 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, 2,319 (68%) were receiving on-going CPR at the time of admission to hospital. Of these, 137 patients (6%) were hospitalized alive and 28 (1.2%) could be discharged from hospital. Of these patients, 39% had a cerebral performance categories (CPC) score of 1 (no cerebral deficiency), 18% had a CPC score of 2 (moderate cerebral deficiency), 36% had a CPC score of 3 (severe cerebral deficiency) and 7% had a CPC score of 4 (coma) at discharge. Among patients discharged. 76% were alive after 1 year. CONCLUSION: among consecutive patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, CPR was ongoing in 68% of them on admission to hospital. Among these patients, 6% were hospitalized alive and 1.2% were discharged from hospital. Thus, among patients with ongoing CPR on admission to hospital, survivors can be found but they are few in numbers and extensive cerebral damage is frequently present.
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| 4. |
- Ekström, L, et al.
(författare)
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Survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period in Gothenburg.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - 0300-9572. ; 27:3, s. 181-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A two-tiered ambulance system with a mobile coronary care unit and standard ambulance has operated in Gothenburg (population 434,000) since 1980. Mass education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) commenced in 1985 and in 1988 semiautomatic defibrillators were introduced. Aim: To describe early and late survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period. Target population: All patients with prehospital cardiac arrest in Gothenburg reached by mobile coronary care unit or standard ambulance between 1980 and 1992.
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| 5. |
- Ekström, L, et al.
(författare)
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Survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period in Göteborg
- 1994
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 27:3, s. 181-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A two-tiered ambulance system with a mobile coronary care unit and standard ambulance has operated in Gothenburg (population 434 000) since 1980. Mass education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) commenced in 1985 and in 1988 semiautomatic defibrillators were introduced. Aim: To describe early and late survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period. Target population: All patients with prehospital cardiac arrest in Gothenburg reached by mobile coronary care unit or standard ambulance between 1980 and 1992. Results: The number of patients with cardiac arrest remained fairly steady over time. Among patients with witnessed ventricular fibrillation, the time to defibrillation decreased over time. The proportion of patients in whom bystander initiated CPR was increased only moderately over time. The proportion of patients given medication such as lignocaine and adrenaline successively increased. The number of patients with cardiac arrest who were discharged from hospital per year remained steady between 1981 and 1990 (20 per year), but increased during 1991 and 1992 to 41 and 31 respectively. Conclusions: Improvements in the emergency medical service in Gothenburg over a 12-year period have lead to: (1) a shortened delay time between cardiac arrest and first defibrillation and (2) an improved survival of patients with cardiac arrest outside hospital probably explained by this shortened delay time.
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| 6. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenaline in out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Does it make any difference?
- 1995
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 29:3, s. 195-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A large proportion of cardiac arrests outside hospital are caused by ventricular fibrillation. Although it is frequently used, the exact role of treatment with adrenaline in these patients remains to be determined. AIM: To describe the proportion of patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found in ventricular fibrillation who survived and were discharged from hospital in relation to whether they were treated with adrenaline prior to hospital admission. PATIENTS AND TREATMENT: All the patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found in ventricular fibrillation in Göteborg between 1981 and 1992 in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated by our emergency medical service (EMS). During the observation period, some of the EMS staff were authorized to give medication and some were not. RESULTS: In all, 1360 patients were found in ventricular fibrillation and detailed information was available in 1203 cases (88%). Adrenaline was given in 417 cases (35%). Among patients with sustained ventricular fibrillation, those who received adrenaline experienced the return of spontaneous circulation more frequently (P < 0.001) and were hospitalized alive more frequently (P < 0.01). However, the rate of discharge from hospital did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Among patients who converted to asystole or electromechanical dissociation, those who received adrenaline experienced the return of spontaneous circulation more frequently (P < 0.001) and were hospitalised alive more frequently (P < 0.001). However, the rate of discharge from hospital did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of 2 treatment regimens during a 12-year survey, we explored the usefulness of adrenaline in out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Both patients with sustained ventricular fibrillation and those who converted to asystole or electromechanical dissociation had an initially more favourable outcome if treated with adrenaline. However, the final outcome was not significantly affected. This study does not confirm the hypothesis that adrenaline increases survival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who are found in ventricular fibrillation.
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| 7. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation on ventricular fibrillation and survival after witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital
- 1994
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Ingår i: British Heart Journal. - : BMJ Group. - 0007-0769. ; 72:5, s. 408-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE--To describe the proportion of patients who were discharged from hospital after witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital in relation to whether a bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PATIENTS--All patients with witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital before arrival of the ambulance and in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted by the emergency medical service in Gothenburg during 1980-92. RESULTS--Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated by a bystander in 18% (303) of 1,660 cases. In this group 69% had ventricular fibrillation at first recording compared with 51% in the remaining patients (P < 0.001). Among patients in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation had been initiated by a bystander 25% were discharged alive versus 8% of the remaining patients (P < 0.001). Independent predictors of survival were in order of significance: initial arrhythmia (P < 0.001), interval between collapse and arrival of first ambulance (P < 0.001), cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiated by a bystander (P < 0.001), and age (P < 0.01). Among patients who were admitted to hospital alive 30% of patients in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation had been initiated by a bystander compared with 58% of remaining patients (P < 0.001) had brain damage and died in hospital. Corresponding figures for death in association with myocardial damage were 18% and 29% respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS--Cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiated by a bystander maintains ventricular fibrillation and triples the chance of surviving a cardiac arrest outside hospital. Furthermore, it seems to protect against death in association with brain damage as well as with myocardial damage.
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| 8. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of media campaign on delay times and ambulance use in suspected acut myocardial infarction
- 1989
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Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 64:1, s. 90-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The early phase in suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is particularly critical. More than 50% of deaths from coronary artery disease occur outside the hospital mainly due to ventricular fibrillation.1 Recent experiences strongly indicate that early intervention with thrombolysis2–4 and β blockers5,6 can limit myocardial damage and thereby improve prognosis. Delay times in suspected AMI have remained stable over the years. Therefore, a media campaign was started in the urban area of Göteborg, Sweden, with the intention to shorten delay times and to increase ambulance use in patients with suspected AMI.
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| 9. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Hospital mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among patients found in ventricular fibrillation.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 29:1, s. 11-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients being hospitalised after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and who were found in ventricular fibrillation. The study was set in the community of Göteborg, Sweden. The subjects consisted of all patients who were hospitalised alive after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, being reached by our mobile coronary care unit and who were found in ventricular fibrillation, between 1981 and 1992. In all, 488 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of which 262 (54%) died during initial hospitalization. In a multivariate analysis including age, sex, history of cardiovascular disease, chronic medication prior to arrest and circumstances at the time of arrest, the following appeared as independent predictors of hospital mortality: (1) interval between collapse and first defibrillation (P < 0.001); (2) on chronic medication with diuretics (P < 0.01); (3) age (P < 0.01); (4) bystander initiated CPR (P < 0.05); and (5) a history of diabetes (P < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis considering various aspects of status on admission to hospital, the following were independently associated with death: (1) degree of consciousness (P < 0.001) and (2) systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). In conclusion, among patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest found in ventricular fibrillation and being hospitalised alive, 54% died in hospital. The in-hospital mortality was related to patient characteristics before the cardiac arrest as well as to factors at the resuscitation itself.
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