| 1. |
- Michaëlsson, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Plasma vitamin D and mortality in older men : a community-based prospective cohort study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 92:4, s. 841-848
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Vitamin D status is known to be important for bone health but may also affect the development of several chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which are 2 major causes of death. Objective: We aimed to examine how vitamin D status relates to overall and cause-specific mortality. Design: The Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, a community-based cohort of elderly men (mean age at baseline: 71 y; n = 1194), was used to investigate the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and mortality. Total plasma 25(OH)D was determined with HPLC atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Proportional hazards regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs). Results: During follow-up (median: 12.7 y), 584 (49%) participants died. There was a U-shaped association between vitamin D concentrations and total mortality. An approximately 50% higher total mortality rate was observed among men in the lowest 10% (<46 nmol/L) and the highest 5% (>98 nmol/L) of plasma 25(OH)D concentrations compared with intermediate concentrations. Cancer mortality was also higher at low plasma concentrations (multivariable-adjusted HR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.44, 3.38) and at high concentrations (HR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.46, 4.78). For cardiovascular death, only low (HR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.96) but not high (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.69, 2.54) concentrations indicated higher risk. Conclusions: Both high and low concentrations of plasma 25(OH)D are associated with elevated risks of overall and cancer mortality. Low concentrations are associated with cardiovascular mortality.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hållmarker, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer incidence in participants in a long-distance ski race (Vasaloppet, Sweden) compared to the background population
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 51:4, s. 558-568
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We studied the association between taking part in a long distance ski race and cancer incidence to address the hypothesis that a lifestyle involving a high degree of physical activity (PA) lowers cancer incidence with a pattern that is different by cancer site. Methods: Cancer incidence was estimated in a large cohort of skiers (n = 185,412) participating in the Vasaloppet long distance ski race in Sweden 1989-2010 and non-participants in the ski race, randomly selected from the Swedish general population (n = 184,617). Data include race finishing times as a measurement of physical fitness. Hazard ratios (HRs) and net probability of cancer over twenty years of follow-up were estimated for all invasive cancer, and separately for prostate, breast, colo-rectal and lung cancer, and groups of cancers with presumed relation to lifestyle. Findings: Participating in Vasaloppet was associated with a relative risk reduction for all invasive cancer of 6% (95% confidence interval 2-9%) and a relative risk reduction of 32% (95% confidence interval 28-37%) of cancer sites where there is epidemiological evidence that smoking, bodyweight, regular PA and consumption of fruit and vegetables are aetiological factors. For skin cancer the risk was increased, as for prostate cancer. Skiers with shorter finishing times had lower incidence of cancer. Interpretation: This study indicates that it is unrealistic to reduce overall population cancer incidence drastically with life style. However, cancers that are epidemiologically associated with life style factors were significantly reduced by what presumably is a blend of nonsmoking, normal body weight, sound dietary habits and PA. Our data thus provide additional support for present days' recommendations about life style prevention. Higher health awareness is associated with attendance to screening, which may explain our results for prostate cancer.
|
|
