| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 4. |
- Ding, Shaozhen, et al.
(författare)
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novoPathFinder: a webserver of designing novel-pathway with integrating GEM-model
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 48:W1, s. W477-W487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase the number of value-added chemicals that can be produced by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, constructing metabolic space with novel reactions/pathways is crucial. However, with the large number of reactions that existed in the metabolic space and complicated metabolisms within hosts, identifying novel pathways linking two molecules or heterologous pathways when engineering a host to produce a target molecule is an arduous task. Hence, we built a user-friendly web server, novoPathFinder, which has several features: (i) enumerate novel pathways between two specified molecules without considering hosts; (ii) construct heterologous pathways with known or putative reactions for producing target molecule within Escherichia coli or yeast without giving precursor; (iii) estimate novel pathways with considering several categories, including enzyme promiscuity, Synthetic Complex Score (SCScore) and LD50 of intermediates, overall stoichiometric conversions, pathway length, theoretical yields and thermodynamic feasibility. According to the results, novoPathFinder is more capable to recover experimentally validated pathways when comparing other rule-based web server tools. Besides, more efficient pathways with novel reactions could also be retrieved for further experimental exploration. novoPathFinder is available at http://design.rxnfinder.org/novopathfinder/.
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| 5. |
- Hsu, Li-Han, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Design of Flip-Chip Interconnect Using Epoxy-Based Underfill Up to V-Band Frequencies With Excellent Reliability
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480 .- 1557-9670. ; 58:8, s. 2244-2250
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study demonstrates a flip-chip interconnect with epoxy-based underfill (epsilon(r) = 3.5 and tan delta = 0.02 at 10 MHz) for packaging applications up to V-band frequencies. To achieve the best interconnect performance, both the matching designs on GaAs chip and Al2O3 substrate were adopted with the underfill effects taken into consideration. The optimized flip-chip interconnect showed excellent performance from dc to 67 GHz with return loss below -20 dB and insertion loss less than 0.6 dB. Furthermore, the dielectric loss induced by the underfill was extracted from measurement and compared with the simulation results. The reliability tests including 85 degrees C/85 % relative humidity test, thermal cycling test, and shear force test were performed. For the first time, the S-parameters measurement was performed to check the flip-chip reliability, and no performance decay was observed after 1000 thermal cycles. Moreover, the mechanical strength was improved about 12 times after the underfill was applied. The results show that the proposed flip-chip architecture has excellent reliability and can be applied for commercial applications.
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| 6. |
- Hu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Disturbance-Immune and Aging-Robust Internal Short Circuit Diagnostic for Lithium-Ion Battery
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. - 0278-0046 .- 1557-9948. ; 69:2, s. 1988-1999
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accurate diagnostic of internal short circuit (ISC) is critical to the safety of lithium-ion battery (LIB), considering its consequence to disastrous thermal runaway. Motivated by this, this paper proposes a novel ISC diagnostic method with a high robustness to measurement disturbances and the capacity fading. Particularly, a multi-state-fusion ISC diagnostic method leveraging polarization dynamics instead of the conventional charge depletion is proposed within a model-switching framework. This is well proven to eliminate the vulnerability of diagnostic to battery aging. Within this framework, the recursive total least squares method with variant forgetting (RTLS-VF) is exploited, for the first time, to mitigate the adverse effect of measurement disturbances, which contributes to an unbiased estimation of the ISC resistance. The proposed method is validated both theoretically and experimentally for high diagnostic accuracy as well as the strong robustness to battery degradation and disturbance.
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| 7. |
- Hu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Residual Statistics-Based Current Sensor Fault Diagnosis for Smart Battery Management
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2168-6777 .- 2168-6785. ; 10:2, s. 2435-2444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current sensor fault diagnostic is critical to the safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to prevent over-charging and over-discharging. Motivated by this, this article proposes a novel residual statistics-based diagnostic method to detect two typical types of sensor faults, leveraging only the 50 current-voltage samples at the startup phase of the LIB system. In particular, the load current is estimated by using particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based model matching with measurable initial system states. The estimation residuals are analyzed statistically with Monte-Carlo simulation, from which an empirical residual threshold is generated and used for accurate current sensor fault diagnostic. The residual evaluation process is well proved with high robustness to the measurement noises and modeling uncertainties. The proposed method is validated experimentally to be effective in current sensor fault diagnosis with low miss alarm rate (MAR) and false alarm rate (FAR).
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| 8. |
- Hu, L., et al.
(författare)
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Fano resonance assisting plasmonic circular dichroism from nanorice heterodimers for extrinsic chirality
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, the circular dichroisms (CD) of nanorice heterodimers consisting of two parallel arranged nanorices with the same size but different materials are investigated theoretically. Symmetry-breaking is introduced by using different materials and oblique incidence to achieve strong CD at the vicinity of Fano resonance peaks. We demonstrate that all Au-Ag heterodimers exhibit multipolar Fano resonances and strong CD effect. A simple quantitative analysis shows that the structure with larger Fano asymmetry factor has stronger CD. The intensity and peak positions of the CD effect can be flexibly tuned in a large range by changing particle size, shape, the inter-particle distance and surroundings. Furthermore, CD spectra exhibit high sensitivity to ambient medium in visible and near infrared regions. Our results here are beneficial for the design and application of high sensitive CD sensors and other related fields.
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| 9. |
- Hu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Axisymmetric and Asymmetric Naphthalene-Bisthienothiophene Based Nonfullerene Acceptors: On Constitutional Isomerization and Photovoltaic Performance
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Energy Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2574-0962. ; 3:6, s. 5734-5744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two pairs of constitutional isomers of fused-octacyclic nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) based on a naphthalene-bisthienothiophene core with or without fluorination at the ending groups have been developed. Compared with the axisymmetric NFAs N66-IC and N66-2FIC with two six-member-ring bridges, their asymmetric constitutional isomers N65-IC and N65-2FIC both with one six-member-ring bridge and one five-member-ring bridge exhibit remarkable red-shifted absorption, higher crystallinity, and slightly down-shifted LUMO energy levels. Organic solar cells based on PBDB-T-2F:N65-2FIC achieved a promising power conversion efficiency of 10.19%, which is three times higher than that of its counterpart PBDB-T-2F:N66-2FIC cell (3.46%). While being blended with PBDB-T as the donor material, the asymmetric acceptor analogue N65-IC based solar cell pronounces a PCE of 9.03%, being significantly improved from that of 5.45% for the PBDB-T:N66-IC based cell, which is in consistency with the results from those cells from their both fluorinated donor and acceptor counterparts. Design rules on either both fluorinated, both nonfluorinated, or cross-combined donor/acceptors for device fabrication has been explored. In addition, PBDB-T-2F:N65-2FIC possesses very promising device stability with 85% of its initial PCE after an exposure time of 1500 h under one sun illumination, which is meaningful for their future commercial devices.
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| 10. |
- Khoo, Ying Siew, et al.
(författare)
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Techniques for recovery and recycling of ionic liquids: A review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 922
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to beneficial properties like non-flammability, thermal stability, low melting point and low vapor pressure, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained great interest from engineers and researchers in the past decades to replace conventional solvents. The superior characteristics of ILs make them promising for applications in fields as wide-ranging as pharmaceuticals, foods, nanoparticles synthesis, catalysis, electrochemistry and so on. To alleviate the high cost and environmental impact of ILs, various technologies have been reported to recover and purify the used ILs, as well as recycling the ILs. The aim of this article is to overview the state-of-the-art research on the recovery and recycling technologies for ILs including membrane technology, distillation, extraction, aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) and adsorption. In addition, challenges and future perspectives on ILs recovery are discussed. This review is expected to provide valuable insights for developing effective and environmentally friendly recovery methods for ILs.
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