| 1. |
- Schweinsberg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Same data, different conclusions : Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-5978 .- 1095-9920. ; 165, s. 228-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists' gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for orga-nizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Class, Q. A., et al.
(författare)
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Offspring psychopathology following preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal bereavement stress
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - New York, USA : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 44:1, s. 71-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal stress is associated with increased offspring psychopathology, but findings are inconsistent and need replication. We estimated associations between maternal bereavement stress and offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide attempt and completed suicide.Method: Using Swedish registers, we conducted the largest population-based study to date examining associations between stress exposure in 738,144 offspring born 1992-2000 for childhood outcomes and 2,155,221 offspring born 1973-1997 for adult outcomes with follow-up to 2009. Maternal stress was defined as death of a first-degree relative during (a) the 6 months before conception, (b) pregnancy or (c) the first two postnatal years. Cox proportional survival analyses were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.Results: Marginal increased risk of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia following preconception bereavement stress was not significant. Third-trimester prenatal stress increased the risk of ASD [adjusted HR (aHR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.17] and ADHD (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04-1.66). First postnatal year stress increased the risk of offspring suicide attempt (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25) and completed suicide (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.11). Bereavement stress during the second postnatal year increased the risk of ASD (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.55).Conclusions: Further research is needed regarding associations between preconception stress and psychopathological outcomes. Prenatal bereavement stress increases the risk of offspring ASD and ADHD. Postnatal bereavement stress moderately increases the risk of offspring suicide attempt, completed suicide and ASD. Smaller previous studies may have overestimated associations between early stress and psychopathological outcomes.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Tourism mobility, locality and sustainable rural development
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sustainable Tourism in Rural Europe. - London : Routledge. - 9780415547994 - 0415547997 ; , s. 28-42
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rural Europe is a highly developed tourism region, representing advanced tourism experience and supposed modern approaches to this industry. That said, it remains highly sensitive and fragile in terms of environmental, social, economic and cultural impacts. This volume focuses on rural Europe as a fascinating example of how tourism development impacts on the communities and the environment of rural regions and offers insights into how long term sustainability could be achieved in this specific region and correspondingly in other rural parts of the world.Sustainable Tourism in Rural Europe contains contributions from leading international scholars that review and analyse the concept and practice of sustainable tourism in this region through a multidisciplinary approach that embodies the view that sustainable tourism warrants a holistic approach in terms of its impacts and development potential. Divided into three sections: Key Themes and Issues; The State and Development; The Local Community and Development, this book addresses contentious and vital issues through theory, detailed research and case studies, offering real world approaches to sustainable development, showing problems including local politics which challenge abstract models. It introduces cutting edge research dealing with contemporary developments throughout Europe and consequential lessons/implications for other rural parts of the world.This volume will be of interest to students, researchers and academics in the areas of Tourism, Geography and Environmental Studies.
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| 5. |
- Hellstadius, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression among esophageal cancer patients prior to surgery
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diseases of the esophagus. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1120-8694 .- 1442-2050. ; 30:8, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to establish the prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression among esophageal cancer patients, post-diagnosis but prior to curatively intended surgery. This was a cross-sectional study using data from a hospital-based prospective cohort study, carried out at St Thomas' Hospital, London. Potential predictor variables were retrieved from medical charts and self-report questionnaires. Anxiety and depression were measured prior to esophageal cancer surgery, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was calculated using the established cutoff (scores ≥8 on each subscale) indicating cases of possible-probable' anxiety or depression, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine predictors of emotional distress. Among the 106 included patients, 36 (34%) scored above the cutoff (≥8) for anxiety and 24 (23%) for depression. Women were more likely to report anxiety than men (odds ratio 4.04, 95% confidence interval 1.45-11.16), and patients reporting limitations in their activity status had more than five times greater odds of reporting depression (odds ratio 6.07, 95% confidence interval 1.53-24.10). A substantial proportion of esophageal cancer patients report anxiety and/or depression prior to surgery, particularly women and those with limited activity status, which highlights a need for qualified emotional support.
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| 6. |
- Hultman, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Handeln rustar för multi-kanal
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Handelsbranschen står inför omfattande utmaningar och möjligheter som kan – och kommer – att förändra verksamheten i grunden. En av dessa genomgripande förändringar är handelns digitalisering och dess konsekvenser för detaljhandelns styrning och utveckling av multikanalserbjudanden. Från en situation där kunder och handel primärt tänker fysisk butik, till en situation där handel via internet präglar det mesta som händer; från hur kunder handlar till hur företagen tänker strategiskt på sitt erbjudande. Det är en lång resa som långtifrån är färdig och som hänger samman med digitaliseringen av samhället i stort, big data och andra möjligheter (och utmaningar) som den tekniska utvecklingen innebär.Denna utveckling är mångfacetterad och det är viktigt att belysa den ur flera perspektiv. Centrum för handelsforsknings verksamhet är unik i den bemärkelse att vi i samtliga forskningsprogram arbetar tvärvetenskapligt där forskare från alla de discipliner som är representerade i Centrum finns med i varje forskningsprogram. Detta garanterar en mångsidig belysning av de forskningsproblem som vi tar oss an. Under 2014–2015 har vi drivit forskningsprogrammen E-handel och Kunniga kunder. Därefter startade vi programmen Retail destination och Retail innovation.I denna skrift sammanfattas forskningsresultaten från forskningsprogrammet E-handel. Programchef för E-handel har Jens Hultman varit. Deltagande forskare i programmet har varit Klas Hjort, Veronika Tarnovskaya, Ulf Johansson och Christian Fuentes. Under 2014 och 2015 (och även 2016) har resultat från programmet presenterats i olika sammanhang. De har presenterats vid forskningsseminarier och workshops som Centrum har arrangerat, de har presenterats vid vetenskapliga konferenser och vid praktikerkonferenser och de har tidigare också beskrivits i rapporter och vetenskapliga artiklar. Nu presenterar vi resultaten inom ramen för Handelsrådets rapportserie.
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| 7. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 8. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Tourists and Global Environmental Change: A Possible Scenario in Relation to Nature and Authenticity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Tourism and Global Environmental Change. - 041536132X ; , s. 293-304
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this chapter is to discuss global environmental change (GEC) through the social construction of nature and notions of authenticity. We will discuss the social construction of nature in a specific context, namely that of different kinds of nature-based tourism. The argument will revolve around what we perceive as a shift in focus from the image of nature as thing to nature as experience, also expressed as a shift from nature as place to nature as globalised locality. We will sketch a development from “traditional” nature tourism practices and rhetoric to the formation of another cultural economy of nature in order to discuss possible effects of GEC on tourist phenomenologies. By structuring our analysis around three aspects of authenticity, we will argue that different nature tourism operators stress the non-essentialist, experiential image of nature, where the destination per se seems to have a secondary role. We further suggest that the non-essentialist and therefore fluid concept of authenticity in tourist experiences might be adaptable to perceptions of change on a global scale. We aim to interpret GEC, although encompassing potentially devastating processes in a great number of ways, as also being able to be incorporated in common discourses of tourist experiences.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hultman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Nature and the Environment as Trans-Boundary Business Strategies
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Business and Tourism: Global Issues, Contemporary Interactions. - 9780415424318
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From a paradigmatic understanding of tourism, the thing about tourism experiences is that they differ from everyday life. You experience different places, see different people, get to know different ways of doing things, and so on. To do tourism, then, is to experience a series of changes from the ordinary. Several things change in the course of the making and consumption of a tourism product. For instance, everyday structures such as strict school- and work place time regimes or commuter time-tables might be exchanged for structures and orderings that are potentially experienced as liberating and empowering, including journeys, tours and events. During such journeys, tours and events, everyday structures might temporarily be transformed into narratives where myth, history and the future are seductively conflated. Theme parks, for example, transcend borders between reality and fiction, with the result that the distant is conjured right in front of you, while the local becomes an exotic experience. In this way, tourism studies offer the possibility to reflect over the ontological status of categories and concepts whose meaning we often take for granted. What is e.g. ‘nature’, ‘environment’, ‘local’ or ‘global’? How do these concepts relate to each other, to everyday life, to the economy or to the ways in which we understand ourselves in the world? This chapter will highlight and examine such an instance of ontological ambiguity, namely how nature and the environment become disembedded from place-bound contexts and what consequences this might have.
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