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- Goon, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between Stated and Measured Concentrations of Acrylate and Methacrylate Allergens in Patch-Test Preparations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Dermatitis. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1710-3568. ; 22:1, s. 27-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Contact allergy to acrylates and methacrylates is not uncommon. The allergy is confirmed by patch-testing patients with commercial patch-test preparations. Objective: To investigate acrylate and methacrylate allergens used for patch testing in nine different dermatology departments from Europe, America, Asia, and Australia. Methods: The acrylate and methacrylate (methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and triethylene glycol diacrylate) allergen samples were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography to measure the allergen content. Results: Variation in measured versus stated concentrations was seen in these samples. The ratio of measured to stated concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 1.1. Only 22 (63%) of 35 samples were within the arbitrary acceptable limits of 80 to 120% of the stated concentrations. Conclusion: The results may have implications for individual diagnosis and prevention and when test results from various centers are compared.
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| 3. |
- Goon, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
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High frequency of false-positive reactions in attempted patch testing with acrylate/methacrylate mixes.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 67:3, s. 157-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although acrylate/methacrylate allergy has been frequently reported, until now patch testing with this group of allergens has been unwieldy, requiring the application of large supplementary series in most centres. Objectives: To formulate and evaluate two mixes of acrylate/methacrylate allergens in three centres (Malmö, Singapore, and Leuven). Patients/materials/methods: All patients tested with the baseline series during the study period were also patch tested with the mixes. Mix 1 consisted of: triethyleneglycol diacrylate (TREGDA) 0.1% wt/wt, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) 1.0% wt/wt and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate 1.0% wt/wt in petrolatum. Mix 2 consisted of: TREGDA 0.1% wt/wt and 2-HEMA 2.0% wt/wt in pet. The separate components of the two mixes were also tested simultaneously. Results. There were 25 (5 males; 20 females) positive reactions to mix 1 with 16 in Malmö, 8 in Singapore, and 1 in Leuven. Positive reactions to mix 2 were seen only in Malmö, in 8 female patients. Thus, the positive reaction rate for mix 1 was 8.3% overall (Malmö 7.7%, Singapore 18.6%, and Leuven 2.1%), and that for mix 2 was 2.7% overall (Malmö 3.8%, Singapore 0%, and Leuven 0%). Of the 16 positive reactions to mix 1 in Malmö, only 4 were considered to be true allergic reactions, as the component allergen testing gave totally negative results in 12/16. For mix 2, only 3/8 positive reactions were considered to be true allergic reactions, as the component testing was negative in 5/8. Many doubtful (10-20%) and positive but non-allergic reactions were recorded, leading to early termination of the study. Conclusions: Although this was an unsuccessful attempt to formulate an acrylate/methacrylate mix, our experience will be useful for those embarking on future attempts to do this.
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| 5. |
- Goon, Anthony Teik-Jin, et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy to acrylates/methacrylates in the acrylate and nail acrylics series in southern Sweden: simultaneous positive patch test reaction patterns and possible screening allergens
- 2007
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 57:1, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent study we showed that all our dental personnel/patients were detected with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (bis-GMA). We studied 90 patients tested to the acrylate and nail acrylics series at our department over a 10 year period to see whether screening allergens could be found. Patch testing with an acrylate and nail acrylics series was performed. Among the 10 acrylate/methacrylate-allergic occupational dermatitis patients tested to the acrylate series, the most common allergens were triethyleneglycol diacrylate (TREGDA, 8), diethyleneglycol diacrylate (5), and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate (BUDA, 5). All 10 of these patients would have been picked up by a short screening series combining TREGDA, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA), and BUDA or 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA). Among the 14 acrylate/methacrylate-allergic nail patients, the most common allergens were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, 11), 2-HEMA, (9), and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (9). Screening for 3 allergens i.e. 2-HEMA plus EGDMA plus TREGDA, would have detected all 14 nail patients. A short screening series combining 2-HEMA, EGDMA, TREGDA, 2-HPMA, bis-GMA, and BUDA or HDDA would have picked up all our past study patients (dental, industrial, and nail) with suspected allergy to acrylate/methacrylate allergens.
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| 7. |
- Goon, Anthony Teik-Jin, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for acrylate/methacrylate allergy in the baseline series: our experience in Sweden and Singapore
- 2008
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 59:5, s. 307-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: No studies to specifically determine the prevalence of contact allergy to acrylates/methacrylates in patch tested populations have been published. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of acrylate/methacrylate allergy in all patients tested to the baseline patch test series. Methods: Five acrylate/methacrylate allergens (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate) were included in the baseline series for at least 2 years in Malmo and Singapore. Results: Thirty-eight patients in total had reacted to acrylate/methacrylate allergens in the baseline series during the study period in both populations. In Malmo, there were 26 (1.4%) patients with positive patch tests to acrylate/methacrylate allergens, 14 of whom had relevant reactions. In Singapore, there were 12 (1.0%) patients with positive patch tests to acrylate/methacrylate allergens, but only 1 had relevant reactions. If we had not added acrylate/methacrylate allergens to the baseline series, we would not have patch tested 13/26 (50%) of the positive reactors in Malmo and 11/12 (92%) of the positive reactors in Singapore. The overall proportion of missed positive reactors would have been 24/38 (63%). Conclusions: The prevalence of acrylate/methacrylate allergy in our patch tested dermatitis populations is 1.4% in Malmo and 1.0% in Singapore.
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| 8. |
- Goon, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in allergen content over time of acrylates/methacrylates in patch test preparations
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 164:1, s. 116-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Background Acrylates/methacrylates are volatile substances. There might be a gradual decrease in acrylate/methacrylate allergen content over time in patch test preparations but this has not yet been documented. Objectives To determine the allergen content of acrylates/methacrylates in patch test preparations over time under different storage conditions. Methods Five acrylate/methacrylate allergens [2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), triethylene glycol diacrylate (TREGDA) and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (2-HPA)] in syringes and IQ (TM) chambers (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Vellinge, Sweden) were analysed using gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography to measure the allergen content over time in samples stored in the freezer, refrigerator and under room temperature. Results The concentration of allergens in syringes decreased with time. Those stored at room temperature had the fastest rate of decrease, followed by those in the refrigerator and freezer. In most cases, in syringes or IQ (TM) chambers under all storage conditions, the MMA decreased most rapidly, followed by 2-HPA, 2-HEMA, EGDMA and TREGDA. The allergens in the IQ (TM) chambers rapidly disappeared, with almost all samples reaching nondetectable levels by day 8. MMA was the first to reach a nondetectable level - at day 2. Conclusions Acrylate/methacrylate allergens are lost rapidly from IQ (TM) chambers especially if stored at room temperature. Allergens in syringes remain above 80% of their initial concentrations for longer periods compared with IQ (TM) chambers. In syringes and IQ (TM) chambers there is a slower rate of decrease in concentration when the storage temperature is lower. Allergens should be stored refrigerated, replaced regularly, and freshly applied on to test patches on the day of use.
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