| 1. |
- Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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The SELMA study : a birth cohort study in Sweden following more than 2000 mother-child pairs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 26:5, s. 456-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This paper describes the background, aim and study design for the Swedish SELMA study that aimed to investigate the importance of early life exposure during pregnancy and infancy to environmental factors with a major focus on endocrine disrupting chemicals for multiple chronic diseases/disorders in offspring.Methods: The cohort was established by recruiting women in the 10th week of pregnancy. Blood and urine from the pregnant women and the child and air and dust from home environment from pregnancy and infancy period have been collected. Questionnaires were used to collect information on life styles, socio-economic status, living conditions, diet and medical history.Results: Of the 8394 reported pregnant women, 6658 were invited to participate in the study. Among the invited women, 2582 (39%) agreed to participate. Of the 4076 (61%) non-participants, 2091 women were invited to a non-respondent questionnaire in order to examine possible selection bias. We found a self-selection bias in the established cohort when compared with the non-participant group, e.g. participating families did smoke less (14% vs. 19%), had more frequent asthma and allergy symptoms in the family (58% vs. 38%), as well as higher education among the mothers (51% vs. 36%) and more often lived in single-family houses (67% vs. 60%).Conclusions: These findings indicate that the participating families do not fully represent the study population and thus, the exposure in this population. However, there is no obvious reason that this selection bias will have an impact on identification of environmental risk factors.
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| 2. |
- Shu, Huan, et al.
(författare)
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Description of 1st trimester urinary levels of phthalate and phenol metabolites in 2,356 Swedish women in the SELMA study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : National Institute of Environmental Health Science. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 121:S1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have found the general population has been exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as phthalates and phenols on a regular basis. Exposures to the developing fetus during critical points in the development are a concern. In the SELMA study we investigate the importance of pre and post natal exposure for EDCs and life style factors for development of chronic diseases in offspring such as asthma and allergy, reproductive related effects, neurodevelopmental disorders and metabolic effects including overweigh and obesity among small children in Sweden. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the extent of exposure to phthalates and phenols in the urine of 2,356 SELMA pregnant women. METHODS: One spot urine sample was taken during the 1st trimester (wk 10) from 2,356 pregnant (mean age=30), the first visit at the midwifery clinic in Sweden. The samples were analyzed for 10 phthalate metabolites from six different phthalates, bisphenol A and triclosan. Urine was added with isotopically labeled internal standards, digested by glucoronidase and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry without any further purification. The limits of detection (LODs) were between 0.01 and 0.1ng/ml and the coefficients of variation of the quality control samples generally better than 10%. RESULTS: All samples were above the LOD. The geometric mean and range of urinary concentration (ng/ml) was: MEP (68.39; [1.30-4419.35]), MBP (69.42; [3.03-2718.94]), MBzP (16.85; [0.25-3544.51]), MEHP (3.85; [0.14-213.09]), 5-oh (16.59; [0.24-1012.98]), 5-oxo (11.26; [0.05-611.77]), 5-cx (16.07; [0.73-757.17]), 7-oh (6.42; [0.06-1726.48]), 7-oxo (GM=2.98; [0.05-635.49]), 7-cx (10.03; [0.33-1661.24]), BPA (1.54; [0.05-111.26]), and Triclosan (1.25; [0.00-3356.79]). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of phthalates and phenols are prevalent in Swedish pregnant women (highly susceptible population). Sources of exposure, uptake routes and health effects in children that associated with prenatal exposures will be investigated in the SELMA study.
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| 3. |
- Shu, Huan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with croup in Swedish infants
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 107:6, s. 1011-1019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study examined whether prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with lower or upper airway inflammation in infants.METHODS: From 2007-2010 we used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, adjusted for creatinine, to analyse 14 phthalate metabolites and one phthalate replacement in the urine of 1,062 Swedish mothers at a median of 10 weeks of pregnancy. This was used to determine any associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and croup, wheezing or otitis in their offspring until 12 months of age, using logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders.RESULTS: There were significant associations between phthalate metabolites of butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) concentrations in maternal prenatal urine and croup in 1,062 infants during the first year of life, when adjusted for potential confounders. A dose response relationship was found between prenatal phthalates exposure and maternal reported croup in the children, with a significant association in boys. There was no clear indication with regard to associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and wheezing or otitis media in the children during the first year of life.CONCLUSION: Our analysis suggests that exposure to BBzP and DEHP phthalates was associated with maternal reports of croup in infants up to 12 months of age.
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| 4. |
- Shu, Huan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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PVC flooring at home and development of asthma among young children in Sweden, a 10-year follow-up
- 2014
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 24:3, s. 227-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of asthma and allergy has increased throughout the developed world over the past decades. During the same period of time, the use of industrial chemicals such as phthalates, commonly used as plasticizers in polyvinylchloride (PVC) flooring material, has increased. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PVC flooring in the home of children in the age of 1–5 years is associated with the development of asthma in 5‐ and 10‐year follow‐up investigations (n = 3228). Dampness in Buildings and Health Study (DBH Study) commenced in 2000 in Värmland, Sweden. The current analyses included subjects who answered all baseline and follow‐up questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were applied to questionnaire results. Children who had PVC floorings in the bedroom at baseline were more likely to develop doctor‐diagnosed asthma during the following 10‐year period when compared with children living without. There were indications that PVC flooring in the parents' bedrooms was strongly associated with the new cases of doctor‐diagnosed asthma when compared with child′s bedroom. Our results suggest that PVC flooring exposure during pregnancy could be a critical period in the development of asthma in children at a later time; prenatal exposure and measurements of phthalate metabolites should be included in the future.
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| 5. |
- Shu, Huan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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PVC flooring at home and uptake of phthalates in pregnant women
- 2019
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 29:1, s. 43-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phthalates are used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials and it is known that phthalates may migrate into the surrounding environment and then become a source for human uptake. The aim of the study was to investigate whether residential PVC flooring was related to the urinary levels of phthalate metabolites determined in pregnant women. The data were from the Swedish SELMA study where sampling was conducted during the time period 2007-2010. Spot urine samples from 1674 women at the end of the first trimester were analyzed for 14 metabolites from seven phthalates and one phthalate alternative. Data on flooring material in the kitchen and the parents' bedrooms as well as potential confounders were collected by postal questionnaires at the same time as the urine samples were taken. Multiple regression modeling by least square geometric mean and weighted quantile sum regression was applied to log-transformed and creatinine-adjusted phthalate metabolite concentrations adjusted for potential confounders from questionnaire data. This study has found significantly higher urinary levels of the BBzP metabolite (MBzP) in pregnant women living in homes with PVC flooring as compared to homes with other flooring materials
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| 6. |
- Shu, Huan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal Trends of Phthalate Exposures during 2007-2010 in Swedish Pregnant Women
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 28, s. 437-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The general population is exposed to phthalates, a group of chemicals with strong evidence for endocrine disrupting properties, commonly used in a large number of consumer products. Based on published research and evidence compiled by environmental agencies, certain phthalate applications and products have become restricted, leading to an increasing number of “new generation compounds” coming onto the market during recent years replacing older phthalates. Some examples of such newer compounds are di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP), and most recently di-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DiNCH).Objectives: In order to evaluate temporal trends in phthalate exposure, first trimester urinary biomarkers of phthalates were measured in the Swedish SELMA study over a period of 2.5 years (2007–2010).Methods: We collected first morning void urine samples around week 10 of pregnancy from 1651 pregnant women. Spot samples were analyzed for 13 phthalate metabolites and one phthalate replacement and least square geometric mean (LSGM) levels of the metabolites were compared between the sampling years when adjusted for potential confounders.Results: All 14 metabolites were detectable in more than 99% of the SELMA subjects. The levels were generally comparable to other studies, but the SELMA subjects showed slightly higher exposure to butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP). Di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites levels decreased while DiNP, DiDP/di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP), and DiNCH metabolites levels increased during the sampling period.Conclusions: Urinary metabolite levels of the older phthalates and more recently introduced phthalate replacement compound changed during the short sampling period in this Swedish pregnancy cohort. Our results indicate that replacement of phthalates can make an impact on human exposure to these chemicals. During this particularly vulnerable stage of life, phthalate exposures are of particular concern as the impacts, though not immediately noticeable, may increase the risk for health effects later in life.
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