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1.
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2.
  • Blank, Malou, 1975, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Mobility patterns in inland southwestern Sweden during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age
  • 2021
  • record:In_t: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 13
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • In this paper, we investigate population dynamics in the Scandinavian Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in southwestern Sweden. Human mobility patterns in Falbygden were studied by applying strontium isotope analysis combined with archaeological and bioarchaeological data, including mtDNA and sex assessment on a large dataset encompassing 141 individuals from 21 megalithic graves. In combination with other archaeological and anthropological records, we investigated the temporal and spatial scale of individual movement, mobility patterns of specific categories of people and possible social drivers behind them. Our results of strontium and biomolecular analyses suggest that mobility increased in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age compared to the earlier parts of the Neolithic. The data indicate individuals moving both into and away from Falbygden. Mobility patterns and contact networks also shift over time.
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3.
  • Eriksson, Anna-Lena, 1971, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • SHBG gene promoter polymorphisms in men are associated with serum sex hormone-binding globulin, androgen and androgen metabolite levels, and hip bone mineral density.
  • 2006
  • record:In_t: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 91:12, s. 5029-37
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • CONTEXT: SHBG regulates free sex steroid levels, which in turn regulate skeletal homeostasis. Twin studies have demonstrated that genetic factors largely account for interindividual variation in SHBG levels. Glucuronidated androgen metabolites have been proposed as markers of androgenic activity. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the SHBG gene promoter [(TAAAA)(n) microsatellite and rs1799941 single-nucleotide polymorphism] are associated with serum levels of SHBG, sex steroids, or bone mineral density (BMD) in men. DESIGN AND STUDY SUBJECTS: We conducted a population-based study of two cohorts of Swedish men: elderly men (MrOS Sweden; n congruent with 3000; average age, 75.4 yr) and young adult men (GOOD study; n = 1068; average age, 18.9 yr). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured serum levels of SHBG, testosterone, estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol glucuronides, androsterone glucuronide, and BMD determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: In both cohorts, (TAAAA)(n) and rs1799941 genotypes were associated with serum levels of SHBG (P < 0.001), dihydrotestosterone (P < 0.05), and 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol glucuronides (P < 0.05). In the elderly men, they were also associated with testosterone and BMD at all hip bone sites. The genotype associated with high levels of SHBG was also associated with high BMD. Interestingly, male mice overexpressing human SHBG had increased cortical bone mineral content in the femur, suggesting that elevated SHBG levels may cause increased bone mass. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that polymorphisms in the SHBG promoter predict serum levels of SHBG, androgens, and glucuronidated androgen metabolites, and hip BMD in men.
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4.
  • Jakobsson, J, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • A novel polymorphism in the 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (aldo-keto reductase 1C3) gene is associated with lower serum testosterone levels in caucasian men.
  • 2007
  • record:In_t: The pharmacogenomics journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1470-269X .- 1473-1150. ; 7:4, s. 282-9
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Genetic variation in the androgen metabolizing enzymes is important to identify and feature as they may influence the risk of prostate cancer and help clarify the etiology of the disease. Human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (AKR1C3) is highly expressed in the prostate gland and plays a major role in the formation and metabolism of androgens. We identified five novel polymorphisms in the AKR1C3 gene. One of those an A>G substitution in exon 2 that confers a Glu77Gly change occurred in 4.8% in Caucasians but was completely absent in Orientals. Interestingly, the testosterone level in serum was significantly lower in subjects with the Gly77 allele. A promoter A>G polymorphism was associated with significantly altered promoter activity in reporter constructs, but was not associated with any change in testosterone levels. In conclusion, the Glu77Gly polymorphism is associated with lower testosterone levels in serum.
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5.
  • Jakobsson, Jenny, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Large differences in testosterone excretion in Korean and Swedish men are strongly associated with a UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 2B17 polymorphism.
  • 2006
  • record:In_t: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 91:2, s. 687-93
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • CONTEXT: The reproductive endocrinology in Asians and Caucasians is of great interest in view of large differences in prostate cancer rate and sensitivity to pharmacological male contraception. In addition, interpretation of certain antidoping tests is confounded by interethnic variation in androgen disposition. Uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases have a key role in the homeostasis and metabolism of androgens. Recently a deletion polymorphism was detected in the UGT2B17 gene. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the contribution of the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism to the interindividual and interethnic variation of androgen metabolism and excretion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Urine from 122 Swedish and 74 Korean healthy men was analyzed for several androgen glucuronides including testosterone. The distribution of the natural logarithms of urinary testosterone concentrations showed a distinct bimodal pattern in both groups, suggesting a monogenic inheritance. When the UGT2B17 genotypes were compared with urinary testosterone levels, all of the individuals of the UGT2B17 homozygous deletion/deletion genotype had no or negligible amounts of urinary testosterone. The deletion/deletion genotype was seven times more common in the Korean (66.7%) than the Swedish population (9.3%). In addition, the Swedes had significantly higher levels of serum testosterone, compared with the Koreans. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the UGT2B17 polymorphism is strongly associated with the bimodal distribution of the testosterone excretion and also with the large differences in testosterone excretion between Koreans and Swedes.
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6.
  • Jonsson, Pernilla, 1978, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Holding on to the indispensable medication –A grounded theory on medication use from the perspective of persons with medication overuse headache
  • 2013
  • record:In_t: Journal of Headache and Pain. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1129-2369 .- 1129-2377. ; 14:43, s. 1-11
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Background: Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a chronic headache disorder, caused by overuse of acute medication. To date, it remains unclear why some people overuse these medications. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how individuals with MOH use medications and other strategies to manage headaches in their daily lives, and their thoughts about their own use of acute medication. Our intention was to develop a theoretical model about the development of MOH, from the perspective of those with MOH. Methods: Data collection and analysis were conducted according to grounded theory methodology. The participants were recruited via newspaper advertisements. Fourteen persons with MOH were interviewed in individual qualitative interviews. Results: The basic process leading to medication overuse was holding on to the indispensable medication. The acute medication was indispensable to the participants because they perceived it as the only thing that could prevent headaches from ruining their lives. The participants perceived headaches as something that threatened to ruin their lives. As a result, they went to great lengths trying to find ways to manage it. They tried numerous strategies. However, the only strategy actually perceived as effective was the use of acute medication and they eventually became resigned to the idea that it was the only effective aid. The acute medication thus became indispensable. Their general intention was to use as little medication as possible but they found themselves compelled to medicate frequently to cope with their headaches. They did not like to think about their medication use and sometimes avoided keeping track of the amount used. Conclusions: This qualitative study adds understanding to the process via which MOH develops from the perspective of those having MOH. Such knowledge may help bridge the gap between the perspectives of patients and health-care professionals.
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7.
  • Sadik, May, 1970, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • A new computer-based decision-support system for the interpretation of bone scans
  • 2006
  • record:In_t: Nucl Med Commun. - 0143-3636. ; 27:5, s. 417-423
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To develop a completely automated method, based on image processing techniques and artificial neural networks, for the interpretation of bone scans regarding the presence or absence of metastases. METHODS: A total of 200 patients, all of whom had the diagnosis of breast or prostate cancer and had undergone bone scintigraphy, were studied retrospectively. Whole-body images, anterior and posterior, were obtained after injection of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate. The study material was randomly divided into a training group and a test group, with 100 patients in each group. The training group was used in the process of developing the image analysis techniques and to train the artificial neural networks. The test group was used to evaluate the automated method. The image processing techniques included algorithms for segmentation of the head, chest, spine, pelvis and bladder, automatic thresholding and detection of hot spots. Fourteen features from each examination were used as input to artificial neural networks trained to classify the images. The interpretations by an experienced physician were used as the 'gold standard'. RESULTS: The automated method correctly identified 28 of the 31 patients with metastases in the test group, i.e., a sensitivity of 90%. A false positive classification of metastases was made in 18 of the 69 patients not classified as having metastases by the experienced physician, resulting in a specificity of 74%. CONCLUSION: A completely automated method can be used to detect metastases in bone scans. Future developments in this field may lead to clinically valuable decision-support tools.
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8.
  • Sandberg, Mattias, 1982, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • EU tree density limitations, socio-ecological paradoxes and farmers’ management of woody pastures in Sweden
  • 2016
  • record:In_t: World Congress Silvo-Pastoral Systems 2016 Silvo-Pastoral Systems in a changing world: functions, management and people. Portugal, Évora, 27th to 30th September 2016.
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Silvo-pastoral systems are threatened worldwide by agricultural intensification and abandonment, leading to homogenised rural landscapes. Nevertheless, numerous lifeforms in these landscapes depend upon trees for their survival and silvo-pastoral habitats are therefore essential habitats for biodiversity conservation. Society also puts faith in multiple values of trees, ranging from climate change mitigation to socio-cultural traditions and views of the landscape. Therefore, the seemingly arbitrary and paradoxical tree density limit for pasture environments imposed by the EU through its Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) may put both biological and societal values aside. In this study, we target the effects of the CAP tree density limit on management and biodiversity of woody pastures in a low-intensively managed agricultural landscape of southern Sweden. The case of simplifying nature by using simple number limitations is used as an entry point for talking with farmers about their relationship to trees and how the management of woody pastures is influenced by policy directives. We made semi-structured, open-ended interviews with seventeen farmers and three officials working with the subsidy system and counselling. We put this in relation to previous work on biodiversity, including trees, plants and birds, in woody pastures within the same area. The interviews show that the new policy incentive shifted the management focus from grazing quality to the number of trees. The farmers are willing to cut in order to get subsidies and timber revenues, however not unreflectingly. Interesting overlaps were found between the tree species preferred by the farmers, with reference to aesthetics and traditions, and official recommendations based on biological values. Another reason for leaving trees was the care of grazing animals as they used certain tree groups as shelter. This insight further reveals the difficulties of managing the complex relations within landscapes with simplified legal measures. In the study area, woody pastures with high tree densities contribute substantially to biodiversity as species with different characteristics and tolerance/dependency of trees can co-exist in the heterogeneous environments. However, with this study we show that high biological values are not the only incentive to preserve trees in pastures. Farmers know the wide ranging social, cultural and natural values of trees, and may often themselves be as good regulators of tree management as policies intend to be. These results demonstrate a mismatch between subsidy systems, management and biodiversity of woody pastures that needs to be further scrutinised to preserve the high socio-ecological values of agricultural landscapes.
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9.
  • Sandberg, Mattias, 1982, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Trees are all around us : Farmers’ management of wood pastures in the light of a controversial policy
  • 2018
  • record:In_t: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 212, s. 228-235
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Wood pastures are some of the most species-rich environments found in Europe and therefore essential habitats for biodiversity conservation. Society also puts faith in multiple values of trees, ranging from climate change mitigation to socio-cultural traditions. Therefore, the seemingly arbitrary tree density limit for pasture environments imposed by the EU through its Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) threatened both biological and societal values. In this study on farmers' perspectives, we target the effects of the CAP tree density limit on management of wood pastures in a low-intensively managed agricultural landscape of southern Sweden. The case of simplifying nature by using simple number limitations was used as an entry point in semi-structured, open-ended, interviews with farmers and officials about their view on trees and pasture management in relation to policy directives. The interviews showed that the policy incentive shifted the management focus from grazing quality to the number of trees and that farmers are willing to cut in order to get subsidies and timber revenues, however not unreflectingly. Farmers had high knowledge about the wide ranging social, cultural and natural values of trees, and are often themselves as good regulators of tree management as policies intend to be. Our study reveals many difficulties in managing the complex relations within landscapes with simplified legal measures, opening up for further discussion about improving policy instruments to preserve both social and biological values of wood pastures. However, although the tree density limit has been criticised on many points related to biodiversity conservation, this study shows that other values linked to pasture trees, e.g. the aesthetic values and their importance as shelter for grazing animals, could be an argument to actually keep the focus on trees as indicators of pasture management quality. We suggest that trees in general and wood-pastures in particular therefore are good starting points, or boundary-objects, for collaboration between production and conservation interests of farming and environmental management.
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10.
  • Schulze, Jenny Jakobsson, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Genetic aspects of epitestosterone formation and androgen disposition: influence of polymorphisms in CYP17 and UGT2B enzymes.
  • 2008
  • record:In_t: Pharmacogenetics and genomics. - 1744-6872. ; 18:6, s. 477-85
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Testosterone is a commonly abused androgen in sports and in the gym culture of the society. Its abuse is conventionally disclosed by urinary assay of the testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) glucuronide ratio, which should not exceed 4. A noteworthy number of athletes, however, have higher natural ratios than 4, most likely because of decreased excretion of epitestosterone glucuronide. Falsely positive doping test results are of great concern for the legal rights of the sportsman. Our objective was to study the genetic aspects of epitestosterone formation, and to elucidate the impact of genetic variation in androgen-metabolizing enzymes. METHODS: Urine from different study populations was analysed for androgen glucuronides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All men were genotyped for the uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B17 deletion polymorphism and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cytochrome P-450c17alpha (CYP17), UGT2B15 and UGT2B7 genes. Expression of UGT2B15 mRNA in human liver samples was analysed using real-time PCR. RESULTS: A T>C (A1>A2) promoter polymorphism in the CYP17 gene was associated with the urinary glucuronide levels of epitestosterone and its putative precursor androstene-3beta, 17alpha-diol, resulting in 64% higher T/E ratios in A1/A1 homozygotes. Individuals devoid of UGT2B17 had significantly higher UGT2B15 mRNA levels in liver than individuals carrying two functional UGT2B17 alleles. CONCLUSION: The CYP17 promoter polymorphism may partly explain high natural (>4) T/E ratios. Our data indicate that 5-androstene-3beta, 17alpha-diol is an important precursor of epitestosterone and that CYP17 is involved in its production. In addition, we found that lack of the UGT2B17 enzyme may be compensated for by increase in UGT2B15 transcription.
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