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1.
  • Günther, Torsten, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia : Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation
  • 2018
  • record:In_t: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 16:1
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Scandinavia was one of the last geographic areas in Europe to become habitable for humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, the routes and genetic composition of these postglacial migrants remain unclear. We sequenced the genomes, up to 57x coverage, of seven hunter-gatherers excavated across Scandinavia and dated from 9,500-6,000 years before present (BP). Surprisingly, among the Scandinavian Mesolithic individuals, the genetic data display an east-west genetic gradient that opposes the pattern seen in other parts of Mesolithic Europe. Our results suggest two different early postglacial migrations into Scandinavia: initially from the south, and later, from the northeast. The latter followed the ice-free Norwegian north Atlantic coast, along which novel and advanced pressure-blade stone-tool techniques may have spread. These two groups met and mixed in Scandinavia, creating a genetically diverse population, which shows patterns of genetic adaptation to high latitude environments. These potential adaptations include high frequencies of low pigmentation variants and a gene region associated with physical performance, which shows strong continuity into modern-day northern Europeans.
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2.
  • Malmström, Helena, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • High frequency of lactose intolerance in a prehistoric hunter-gatherer population in northern Europe
  • 2010
  • record:In_t: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 10, s. 89-
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Background: Genes and culture are believed to interact, but it has been difficult to find direct evidence for the process. One candidate example that has been put forward is lactase persistence in adulthood, i.e. the ability to continue digesting the milk sugar lactose after childhood, facilitating the consumption of raw milk. This genetic trait is believed to have evolved within a short time period and to be related with the emergence of sedentary agriculture. Results: Here we investigate the frequency of an allele (-13910*T) associated with lactase persistence in a Neolithic Scandinavian population. From the 14 individuals originally examined, 10 yielded reliable results. We find that the T allele frequency was very low (5%) in this Middle Neolithic hunter-gatherer population, and that the frequency is dramatically different from the extant Swedish population (74%). Conclusions: We conclude that this difference in frequency could not have arisen by genetic drift and is either due to selection or, more likely, replacement of hunter-gatherer populations by sedentary agriculturalists.
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3.
  • Malmström, Helena Jankovic, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Ancient mitochondrial DNA from the northern fringe of the Neolithic farming expansion in Europe sheds light on the dispersion process
  • 2015
  • record:In_t: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 370:1660
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The European Neolithization process started around 12 000 years ago in the Near East. The introduction of agriculture spread north and west throughout Europe and a key question has been if this was brought about by migrating individuals, by an exchange of ideas or a by a mixture of these. The earliest farming evidence in Scandinavia is found within the Funnel Beaker Culture complex (Trichterbecherkultur, TRB) which represents the northernmost extension of Neolithic farmers in Europe. The TRB coexisted for almost a millennium with hunter-gatherers of the Pitted Ware Cultural complex (PWC). If migration was a substantial part of the Neolithization, even the northerly TRB community would display a closer genetic affinity to other farmer populations than to hunter-gatherer populations. We deep-sequenced the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 from seven farmers (six TRB and one Battle Axe complex, BAC) and 13 hunter-gatherers (PWC) and authenticated the sequences using postmortem DNA damage patterns. A comparison with 124 previously published sequences from prehistoric Europe shows that the TRB individuals share a close affinity to Central European farmer populations, and that they are distinct from hunter-gatherer groups, including the geographically close and partially contemporary PWC that show a close affinity to the European Mesolithic hunter-gatherers.
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4.
  • Nyström, Veronica, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Microsatellite genotyping reveals end-Pleistocene decline in mammoth autosomal genetic variation
  • 2012
  • record:In_t: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 21:14, s. 3391-3402
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The last glaciation was a dynamic period with strong impact on the demography of many species and populations. In recent years, mitochondrial DNA sequences retrieved from radiocarbon-dated remains have provided novel insights into the history of Late Pleistocene populations. However, genotyping of loci from the nuclear genome may provide enhanced resolution of population-level changes. Here, we use four autosomal microsatellite DNA markers to investigate the demographic history of woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius) in north-eastern Siberia from before 60 000 years ago up until the species final disappearance c. 4000 years ago. We identified two genetic groups, implying a marked temporal genetic differentiation between samples with radiocarbon ages older than 12 thousand radiocarbon years before present (ka) and those younger than 9 ka. Simulation-based analysis indicates that this dramatic change in genetic composition, which included a decrease in individual heterozygosity of approximately 30%, was due to a multifold reduction in effective population size. A corresponding reduction in genetic variation was also detected in the mitochondrial DNA, where about 65% of the diversity was lost. We observed no further loss in genetic variation during the Holocene, which suggests a rapid final extinction event.
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5.
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6.
  • Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present
  • 2023
  • record:In_t: Cell. - : Elsevier. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 186:1, s. 32-46
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • We investigate a 2,000-year genetic transect through Scandinavia spanning the Iron Age to the present, based on 48 new and 249 published ancient genomes and genotypes from 16,638 modern individuals. We find regional variation in the timing and magnitude of gene flow from three sources: the eastern Baltic, the British-Irish Isles, and southern Europe. British-Irish ancestry was widespread in Scandinavia from the Viking period, whereas eastern Baltic ancestry is more localized to Gotland and central Sweden. In some regions, a drop in current levels of external ancestry suggests that ancient immigrants contributed proportionately less to the modern Scandinavian gene pool than indicated by the ancestry of genomes from the Viking and Medieval periods. Finally, we show that a north-south genetic cline that characterizes modern Scandinavians is mainly due to the differential levels of Uralic ancestry and that this cline existed in the Viking Age and possibly earlier.
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7.
  • Sten, Sabine, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Erik den heliges skelett : [Saint Erik's skeleton]
  • 2016
  • record:In_t: Fornvännen. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 111:1, s. 27-40
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Saint Erik was King of Sweden for a few years up to 1160, when he was killed. A skeleton attributed to him is kept in Uppsala Cathedral. It underwent sci­entific reappraisal in 2014. The analyses included computer tomography, X­ray absorptiometry, isotope analysis and DNA sampling. Radiocarbon con­firms the alleged age of the bones. They belong to a 35–40­year­old man inexcellent physical shape. The many wounds that he received in connectionwith his death fit surprisingly well with the saint's legend, whose preservedversion was written 130 years after the event.
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8.
  • Sten, Sabine, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Erik den heliges skelett
  • 2016
  • record:In_t: Fornvännen. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 111:1, s. 27-40
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Saint Erik was King of Sweden for a few years up to 1160, when he was killed. A skeleton attributed to him is kept in Uppsala Cathedral. It underwent scientific reappraisal in 2014. The analyses included computer tomography, Xray absorptiometry, isotope analysis and DNA sampling. Radiocarbon confirms the alleged age of the bones. They belong to a 35-40-year-old man in excellent physical shape. The many wounds that he received in connection with his death fit surprisingly well with the saint's legend, whose preserved version was written 130 years after the event.
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