| 1. |
- Jakobsson, T., et al.
(författare)
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Human sensitivity to colour shifts in prints
- 1998
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Ingår i: Advances in printing science and technology. - Leatherhead : Pira International. - 1858022290 ; , s. 115-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Loukopoulos, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Choices of activity- and travel-change options
- 2005
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Ingår i: Progress in activity-based analysis, Amsterdam: Elsevier, H. P. J. Timmermans (Ed.). - Amsterdam : Amsterdam: Elseiver. ; , s. 489-501
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A conceptual framework based on self-regulation theory in social psychology is proposed with the purpose of analyzing adaptations of household car use. Changes in car-use options resulting from the implementation of policies designed to reduce car use are assumed to influence long-term, strategic choices of car-use reduction or change goals as well as the day-to-day, operational choices of activity/travel change options in order to attain these goals. Analyses are reported of retrospective survey data on activity/travel changes after the introduction of a toll ring in Trondheim, Norway.
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| 3. |
- Loukopoulos, Peter, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the process of adaptation to car-use reduction goals
- 2006
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Ingår i: Transportation Research F. ; 9:2, s. 115-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two studies are reported examining the adaptations people make in order to achieve car-use reduction goals set in response to travel demand management (TDM) measures. Study 1 examined retrospective reports of actual behavioural adaptations made in response to the introduction of the Trondheim toll ring. Building upon the first study, Study 2 was an internet survey requiring respondents to state the frequency with which they would adopt various adaptation alternatives were they required to adapt to a small, medium, or large car-use reduction goal. The frequency with which a particular adaptation is implemented was found to vary with trip purpose and with size of reduction goal. The results were interpreted in the light of a modified cost-minimisation principle of adaptation.
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| 4. |
- Fujii, S., et al.
(författare)
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A cross-country study of fairness and infringement on freedom as determinants of car owners´ acceptance of road pricing.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Transportation. ; 31:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jakobsson et al. (2000) found that in Sweden public acceptance of road pricing decreases if it is perceived to be unfair and to infringe on freedom. The present study reports a survey investigating whether the same effects are found in the Asian countries of Japan and Taiwan. The results indicate that fairness plays the same role. However, infringement of freedom may be more important in Japan than in Sweden or Taiwan. Income had a direct effect on acceptance in Taiwan but not in Japan or Sweden.
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| 5. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Car user responses to travel demand management measures: Goal setting and choice of adaptation alternatives
- 2004
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Ingår i: Transportation Research D. ; :9, s. 263-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Travel demand management measures can be used to encourage car users to set car-use reduction goals when experiencing impairments in travel options. In forming plans to reduce car-use contingent on such goals, car users consider a range of adaptation alternatives including more efficient car use, suppressing trips, and switching travel mode. These adaptation alternatives, it may be argued, are implemented sequentially over time according to a cost-minimisation principle. A focus group study was conducted gauging the creativity of car-using households when contemplating adaptation alternatives, followed by an Internet-based questionnaire study in an attempt to obtain quantitative estimates of the size of car-use reduction goals and frequency of implementation of adaptation alternatives. The data revealed that the effects of travel demand management measures and trip purpose on the setting of car-use reduction goals were small. While the cost-minimisation principle seemed to dictate stated choices of adaptation alternatives, further research needs to examine the ways in which the principle must be qualified.
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| 6. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Pricing in road transport: Multidisciplinary perspectives.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Verhoef, E., Bliemer, M., Steg, L. & Van Wee, B. (Eds.), Pricing in road transport: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.. - England, Cheltenham : Edward Elgar.. - 978 1 84542 860 0 ; , s. 193-208
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter discusses different measures of public attitude to pricing of road transport with focus on private car use. Empirical data from the Stockholm road pricing field trial are used to estimate models of determinants of privat car users’ attitudes to the field trial.
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| 7. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Roles of information technology for households adaptation of private car use to travel demand management measures
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems. ; :8, s. 186-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Travel demand management (TDM) measures targeting changed or reduced private car use in urban areas prompt individuals and households to choose more efficient car use (chaining trips, car pooling, choosing closer destinations), to suppress trips and activities, or to switch travel mode. We conjecture that these choices are made sequentially over time according to a cost-minimization principle. In general, less costly changes may however be less effective. Several potential ways are proposed in which intelligent transportation systems may reduce the costs of changes or reduction in car use, thus presumably rendering TDM measures more effective
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| 8. |
- Loukopoulos, Peter, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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A cost-minimization principle of adaptation of private car use in response to road pricing schemes.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Jensen-Butler, C., Larsen, M., Madsen, B., Nielsen, O. A., & Sloth, B. (Eds.), Road pricing, the economy, and the environment. - : Springer. - 978 3 540 77149 4
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, a theoretical framework is proposed with the aim of understanding reduction or changes in private car use in response to road pricing. It is argued that economic disincentives may activate car-use reduction or change goals in individuals and households. However, for car-use reduction or change goals to be implemented, other travel demand management measures are needed that make alternative travel options attractive. A review and classification of these other measures is provided of these other measures followed by an assessment of their potential effectiveness in this respect.
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| 9. |
- Loukopoulos, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of public acceptability and car-use change goals: The Stockholm road pricing field trial
- 2006
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Ingår i: 11th international conference on travel behavior research, Kyoto, Japan.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road pricing is one of the travel demand management (TDM) measures on the political agenda that is believed to be effective in curtailing and changing car use in urban areas. In the city of Stockholm, politicians have decided to start a 6-month field trial in the beginning of 2006 followed by a referendum in the fall. A broad-band approach will be implemented to monitor the effects. This paper reports the results of a telephone survey performed more than 1 year before the start of the field trial. A random sample of 1600 residents (response rate 59%) of the Stockholm metropolitan area (population about 1.5 million) was recruited. The data analyses were performed for a subsample of 265 car users who normally drive in the road pricing area. On the basis of their responses to survey questions targeting beliefs about the road-pricing field trial, measures were obtained of car-use change goal, perceived effectiveness, public acceptability, perceived ease of public transport (PT) use, and problem awareness. In line with previous research it was shown that car-use change goal increased with ease of use of PT whereas public acceptability increased with problem awareness and perceived effectiveness. As has also been shown in previous research, the need to set a car-use change goal decreased public acceptance. A new finding was that this relationship was reversed by perceived ease of PT use. Thus, perceived ease of PT use made the relationship between the car-use reduction goal positive, possibly because the road pricing scheme was no longer perceived to infringe on freedom of choice.
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| 10. |
- Loukopoulos, Peter, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Public attitudes towards policy measures for reducing private car use
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. ; , s. 57-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an internet survey, a random sample of 291 university employees living in Gothenburg, Sweden, reported their beliefs and evaluations of the consequences of implementing three travel demand management (TDM) measures varying from less to more coercive. The results showed that respondents differentiated amongst the TDM measures in terms of each measures expected consequences and that, when combining these beliefs with evaluations, a statistically signifi-cant proportion of variance was accounted for in attitudes to the TDM measures. Environmental concern modified several of the effects of consequences on atti-tudes towards TDM measures, as well as influencing overall attitude. The gen-eral and practical implications of these findings for improving attitudes to such policies are also discussed.
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