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- Forsberg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue One to Five Years after Lung Transplantation
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-3117. ; 39:4, s. 209-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The knowledge is scarce regarding how recovery and well-being after lung transplantation is affected by various symptoms. Thus, little is known about self-management support for these recipients. Since fatigue is a symptom that severely impair well-being, the aim of this study was to explore associations between fatigue and influencing factors as perceived self-efficacy, social and psychological well-being, and recovery. METHODS: Cross-sectional, multi-center cohort study. Lung recipients (n=117) due for an annual follow-up one to five years after transplantation were screened with The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20, Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease scale, Postoperative Recovery Profile questionnaire and the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-being Instrument. RESULTS: Totally, 56% reported high general fatigue regardless of follow-up time. Regardless of time after transplantation patients reported high levels of fatigue. Lung recipients at the four-year follow-up reported most severe fatigue in all dimensions except for mental fatigue. There was no relationship between lung function (FEV1) and any of the five dimensions of fatigue. There was a weak relationship between mental fatigue and the grade of Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (rs-.202*). A strong negative correlation (range -.66- -.73; p<0.001) was found between four out of five dimensions of fatigue (general, physical fatigue, reduced activity and reduced motivation) and self-efficacy. A high level of fatigue was related to impaired self-efficacy. There was a strong relationship between all dimensions of fatigue and both mental and social well-being. Regardless of follow-up time, those reporting being fully or almost fully recovered were significantly less fatigued. CONCLUSION: A high level of fatigue is related to impaired self-efficacy causing a risk of impaired self-management ability and an increased demand for self-management support. Self-perceived recovery might be a matter of the lung recipient's experienced fatigue. Fatigue should be a preferred target of interventions in clinical practice due to its association to self-efficacy and recovery.
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- Haveroth, G. A., et al.
(författare)
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Topology optimization including a model of the layer-by-layer additive manufacturing process
- 2022
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Ingår i: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0045-7825 .- 1879-2138. ; 398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A topology optimization formulation including a model of the layer-by-layer additive manufacturing (AM) process is considered. Defined as a multi-objective minimization problem, the formulation accounts for the performance and cost of both the final and partially manufactured designs and allows for considering AM-related issues such as overhang and residual stresses in the optimization. The formulation is exemplified by stiffness optimization in which the overhang is limited by adding mechanical or thermal compliance as a measure of the cost of partially manufactured designs. Convergence of the model as the approximate layer-by-layer model is refined is shown theoretically, and an extensive numerical study indicates that this convergence can be fast, thus making it a computationally viable approach useful for including AM-related issues into topology optimization. The examples also show that drips and sharp corners associated with some geometry-based formulations for overhang limitation can be avoided. The codes used in this article are written in Python using only open sources libraries and are available for reference.
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- Jakobsson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Combustion engine optimization: A multiobjective approach
- 2010
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Ingår i: Optimization & Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-4420 .- 1573-2924. ; 11:4, s. 533-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To simulate the physical and chemical processes inside combustion engines is possible by appropriate software and high performance computers. For combustion engines a good design is such that it combines a low fuel consumption with low emissions of soot and nitrogen oxides. These are however partly conflicting requirements. In this paper we approach this problem in a multi-criteria setting which has the advantage that it is possible to estimate the trade off between the different objectives and the decision of the optimal solution is postponed until all possibilities and limitations are known. The optimization algorithm is based on surrogate models and is here applied to optimize the design of a diesel combustion engine.
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