| 1. |
- Boström, Jannika, et al.
(författare)
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Autumn migratory fuelling : a response to simulated magnetic displacement in juvenile wheatears, Oenathe oenathe
- 2010
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5443 .- 1432-0762. ; 64:11, s. 1725-1732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent experiments exposing migratory birds to altered magnetic fields simulating geographical displacements have shown that the geomagnetic field acts as an external cue affecting migratory fuelling behaviour. This is the first study investigating fuel deposition in relation to geomagnetic cues in long-distance migrants using the western passage of the Mediterranean region. Juvenile wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) were exposed to a magnetically simulated autumn migration from southern Sweden to West Africa. Birds displaced parallel to the west of their natural migration route, simulating an unnatural flight over the Atlantic Ocean, increased their fuel deposition compared to birds experiencing a simulated migration along the natural route. These birds, on the other hand, showed relatively low fuel loads in agreement with earlier data on wheatears trapped during stopover. The experimental displacement to the west, corresponding to novel sites in the Atlantic Ocean, led to a simulated longer distance to the wintering area, probably explaining the observed larger fuel loads. Our data verify previous results suggesting that migratory birds use geomagnetic cues for fuelling decisions and, for the first time, show that birds, on their first migration, can use geomagnetic cues to compensate for a displacement outside their normal migratory route, by adjusting fuel deposition.
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| 2. |
- Henshaw, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Geomagnetic field affects spring migratory direction in a long distance migrant
- 2010
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5443 .- 1432-0762. ; 64:8, s. 1317-1323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Night-migrating song birds travel to and from their wintering and breeding areas often separated thousands of kilometers apart and are clearly capable of finding intended goal areas from a distant location. Displacement experiments provide a useful way to highlight orientation and navigational skills in migrants. To investigate which cues birds actually use to compensate for displacement and the exact mechanism of each cue, experiments with manipulation of single cues are required. We conducted a simulated displacement of lesser whitethroats Sylvia curruca on spring migration. Birds were displaced not geographically but in geomagnetic space only, north and south of their breeding area to test whether they incorporate information from the geomagnetic field to find their breeding area. Lesser whitethroats held in southeast Sweden but experiencing a simulated displacement north of their breeding area (Norway) failed to show a consistent direction of orientation, whereas birds displaced south of their breeding area (Czech Republic) exhibited consistent northerly orientation, close to the expected seasonally appropriate direction, after displacement toward the trapping location. The absence of a clear compensatory direction in birds displaced north might be due to unfamiliar magnetic information or lack of sufficient information such as a magnetic gradient when moving around. By isolating one orientation cue, the geomagnetic field, we have been able to show that lesser whitethroats might incorporate geomagnetic field information to determine latitude during spring migration.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Ann-Sofie, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma in mice is unaffected by Celecoxib as single agent or in combination with cyclophosphamide
- 2009
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Ingår i: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 50:7, s. 1198-1203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Celecoxib, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, is a promising novel antitumor agent with pleitropic mechanisms of action. Whereas this drug induces growth arrest and apoptosis of B-lymphoma cells, its effect against aggressive T-cell neoplasms remains to be studied. We therefore evaluated Celecoxib therapy of immunocompetent mice transplanted with lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas. Oral Celecoxib in clinically relevant and non-toxic doses did not affect the degree of hypersplenism or the number of viable lymphoma cells. The clinical deterioration of Celecoxib-treated mice was not different from untreated controls. The impact of adding Celecoxib (60 mg/kg) to cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg x 1, i.p.) was assessed but showed no benefit compared to cyclophosphamide alone. Thus, Celecoxib lacks effect against lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma in mice.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Biological characterization of new inhibitors of microsomal PGE synthase-1 in preclinical models of inflammation and vascular tone
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 176:24, s. 4625-4638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose Microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1), the inducible synthase that catalyses the terminal step in PGE(2) biosynthesis, is of high interest as therapeutic target to treat inflammation. Inhibition of mPGES-1 is suggested to be safer than traditional NSAIDs, and recent data demonstrate anti-constrictive effects on vascular tone, indicating new therapeutic opportunities. However, there is a lack of potent mPGES-1 inhibitors lacking interspecies differences for conducting in vivo studies in relevant preclinical disease models. Experimental Approach Potency was determined based on the reduction of PGE(2) formation in recombinant enzyme assays, cellular assay, human whole blood assay, and air pouch mouse model. Anti-inflammatory properties were assessed by acute paw swelling in a paw oedema rat model. Effect on vascular tone was determined with human ex vivo wire myography. Key Results We report five new mPGES-1 inhibitors (named 934, 117, 118, 322, and 323) that selectively inhibit recombinant human and rat mPGES-1 with IC50 values of 10-29 and 67-250 nM respectively. The compounds inhibited PGE(2) production in a cellular assay (IC50 values 0.15-0.82 mu M) and in a human whole blood assay (IC50 values 3.3-8.7 mu M). Moreover, the compounds blocked PGE(2) formation in an air pouch mouse model and reduced acute paw swelling in a paw oedema rat model. Human ex vivo wire myography analysis showed reduced adrenergic vasoconstriction after incubation with the compounds. Conclusion and Implications These mPGES-1 inhibitors can be used as refined tools in further investigations of the role of mPGES-1 in inflammation and microvascular disease.
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| 5. |
- Lindskog, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Overall survival in Swedish patients with renal cell carcinoma treated in the period 2002 to 2012: Update of the RENCOMP study with subgroup analysis of the synchronous metastatic and elderly populations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Urologic Oncology-Seminars and Original Investigations. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-1439 .- 1873-2496. ; 35:9, s. 541.e15-541.e22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This retrospective study investigated overall survival (OS) and factors influencing OS in Swedish patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) during the pre- (2002-2005), early (2006-2008), and late (2009-2012) targeted therapy (TT) era. Methods: Three national Swedish registries identified patients with mRCC. Median OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Subgroup analysis was conducted for patients with synchronous metastases (Ml) and the elderly (aged >= 75 y). Results: A total of 4,217 patients with mRCC were identified, including 1,533 patients with Ml and 1,275 elderly patients. For patients with mRCC diagnosed in 2002 to 2005, 2006 to 2008, and 2009 to 2012, median OS was 10.0, 13.0, and 18.0 months. Similarly, median OS improved in the M1 and elderly populations. Elderly patients were less likely to be prescribed TT (>= 75 vs. <75 y): 18.3 vs. 63.5% (in 2006-2008) and 28.6% vs. 55.9% (in 2009-2012). Diagnosis of mRCC in 2009 to 2012, nephrectomy and TT prescription were associated with improved OS in the total mRCC, Ml, and elderly populations. Conclusion: This real-world study showed continued significant improvement in mRCC OS during the late TT era, including in Ml and elderly populations. TT should be considered for all patients with mRCC based on tolerability, regardless of age. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Olofsson, Martin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Eyespot display in the peacock butterfly triggers antipredator behaviors in naive adult fowl
- 2013
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 24:1, s. 305-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large conspicuous eyespots have evolved in multiple taxa and presumably function to thwart predator attacks. Traditionally, large eyespots were thought to discourage predator attacks because they mimicked eyes of the predators' own predators. However, this idea is controversial and the intimidating properties of eyespots have recently been suggested to Amply be a consequence of their conspicuousness. Some lepidopteran species include large eyespots in their antipredation repertoire. In the peacock butterfly, Mathis io, eyespots are typically hidden during rest and suddenly exposed by the butterfly when disturbed. Previous experiments have shown that small wild passerines are intimidated by this display. Here, we test whether eyespots also intimidate a considerably larger bird, domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus, by staging interactions between birds and peacock butterflies that were sham-painted or had their eyespots painted oven Our results show that birds typically fled when peacock butterflies performed their display regardless of whether eyespots were visible or painted over. However, birds confronting butterflies with visible eyespots delayed their return to the butterfly, were more vigilant, and more likely to utter alarm calls associated with detection of ground-based predators, compared with birds confronting butterflies with eyespots painted over. Because production of alarm calls and increased vigilance are antipredation behaviors in the fowl, their reaction suggests that eyespots may elicit fear rather than just an aversion to conspicuous patterns. Our results, therefore, suggest that predators perceive large lepidopteran eyespots as belonging to the eyes of a potential predator.
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| 8. |
- Redig, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Real-world cost-effectiveness of targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Sweden : a population-based retrospective analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancer Management and Research. - Auckland : Dove medical press. - 1179-1322. ; 11, s. 1289-1297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore cost-effectiveness of targeted therapies (TTs) in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in a real-world context using a nationwide population-based approach.Methods: Data on patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2002 and 2012 were extracted from Swedish national health data registers. To facilitate comparisons of patients diagnosed before and after TT introduction to the market, three cohorts were derived: pre-TT introduction (preTT), patients diagnosed 2002-2005; early TT introduction (TTi), patients diagnosed 2006-2008; and late TT introduction (TTii), which was limited to patients diagnosed 2009-2010 to ensure availability of total health care resource utilization (HCRU) data. Patients were followed until end of 2012. The value of TTs across cohorts was estimated using mean HCRU costs per life-year (LY) gained. Data on HCRU were obtained through national health registers for dispensed medication and inpatient and outpatient care, and the associated costs were estimated using the Lin method to account for censoring. LYs gained were defined as the difference in mean survival over the study period.Results: The preTT, TTi, and TTii cohorts consisted of 1,366, 1,158, and 806 patients, respectively. Mean survival in years from mRCC diagnosis was 1.45 in the preTT cohort, 1.62 in the TTi cohort, and 1.83 in the TTii cohort. The respective mean total HCRU cost per patient over the study period was US$16,894, US$29,922, and US$30,037. The cost per LY gained per cohort was US$78,656 for TTi vs preTT, US$34,132 for TTii vs preTT, and US$523 for TTii vs TTi.Conclusion: Given common willingness-to-pay per LY gained thresholds, this study in a real-world population suggests the use of TTs in the Swedish mRCC population is increasingly cost-effective over time.
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