| 1. |
- Leisawitz, David, et al.
(författare)
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The Origins Space Telescope: Mission concept overview
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 10698
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. The Origins Space Telescope (OST) will trace the history of our origins from the time dust and heavy elements permanently altered the cosmic landscape to present-day life. How did the universe evolve in response to its changing ingredients? How common are life-bearing planets? To accomplish its scientific objectives, OST will operate at mid- and far-infrared wavelengths and offer superlative sensitivity and new spectroscopic capabilities. The OST study team will present a scientifically compelling, executable mission concept to the 2020 Decadal Survey in Astrophysics. To understand the concept solution space, our team studied two alternative mission concepts. We report on the study approach and describe both of these concepts, give the rationale for major design decisions, and briefly describe the mission-enabling technology.
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| 2. |
- Meixner, Margaret, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the Origins Space telescope: Science drivers to observatory requirements
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 10698
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Origins Space Telescope (OST) mission concept study is the subject of one of the four science and technology definition studies supported by NASA Headquarters to prepare for the 2020 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey. OST will survey the most distant galaxies to discern the rise of metals and dust and to unveil the co-evolution of galaxy and blackhole formation, study the Milky Way to follow the path of water from the interstellar medium to habitable worlds in planetary systems, and measure biosignatures from exoplanets. This paper describes the science drivers and how they drove key requirements for OST Mission Concept 2, which will operate between ∼5 and ∼600 microns with a JWST sized telescope. Mission Concept 2 for the OST study optimizes the engineering for the key science cases into a powerful and more economical observatory compared to Mission Concept 1.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Meixner, Margaret, et al.
(författare)
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Origins Space Telescope science drivers to design traceability
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems. - 2329-4221 .- 2329-4124. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Origins Space Telescope (Origins) concept is designed to investigate the creation and dispersal of elements essential to life, the formation of planetary systems, and the transport of water to habitable worlds and the atmospheres of exoplanets around nearby K-and M-dwarfs to identify potentially habitable-and even inhabited-worlds. These science priorities are aligned with NASA's three major astrophysics science goals: How does the Universe work? How did we get here? and Are we alone? We briefly describe the science case that arose from the astronomical community and the science traceability matrix for Origins. The science traceability matrix prescribes the design of Origins and demonstrates that it will address the key science questions motivated by the science case.
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| 5. |
- Patterson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; , s. 588-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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| 6. |
- Eurell, John-Christian, Teol DR, 1987-
(författare)
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Peter's legacy in early christianity : the appropriation and use of Peter's authority in the first three centuries
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study combines traditional historical-critical methods with the sociological theories of Max Weber and Pierre Bourdieu in order to discuss how Peter’s authority is portrayed and used to create legitimacy in Christian texts from the first three centuries. The New Testament texts that mention Peter are discussed together with other early Christian writings that in one way or another relate to Peter as an authoritative figure. Peter emerges as a central figure in the diverse early Christian movement and is used to a high degree to discuss theological legitimacy. The main divide is between those who argue that legitimate theology should have a conservative point of departure based on traditional material handed down from the earthly Jesus and an apostolic succession based on interpersonal relations and those who argue in favour of a more progressive point of departure which places more emphasis on contemporary charismatic experiences. Both these perspectives are used by groups of various theological persuasion in order to argue their own position. Peter is sometimes used to legitimise a theological position with reference to Peter’s relationship to the earthly Jesus and sometimes to discredit traditions concerning the earthly Jesus by pointing out that Peter did not understand his true message. Peter is used as both positive and negative example for both these ways of creating legitimacy.
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| 7. |
- Anderson, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration) : a population study
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10040, s. 131-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: International studies of the health of Indigenous and tribal peoples provide important public health insights. Reliable data are required for the development of policy and health services. Previous studies document poorer outcomes for Indigenous peoples compared with benchmark populations, but have been restricted in their coverage of countries or the range of health indicators. Our objective is to describe the health and social status of Indigenous and tribal peoples relative to benchmark populations from a sample of countries.Methods: Collaborators with expertise in Indigenous health data systems were identified for each country. Data were obtained for population, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, low and high birthweight, maternal mortality, nutritional status, educational attainment, and economic status. Data sources consisted of governmental data, data from non-governmental organisations such as UNICEF, and other research. Absolute and relative differences were calculated.Findings: Our data (23 countries, 28 populations) provide evidence of poorer health and social outcomes for Indigenous peoples than for non-Indigenous populations. However, this is not uniformly the case, and the size of the rate difference varies. We document poorer outcomes for Indigenous populations for: life expectancy at birth for 16 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1 year in 15 populations; infant mortality rate for 18 of 19 populations with a rate difference greater than one per 1000 livebirths in 16 populations; maternal mortality in ten populations; low birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in three populations; high birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in one population; child malnutrition for ten of 16 populations with a difference greater than 10% in five populations; child obesity for eight of 12 populations with a difference greater than 5% in four populations; adult obesity for seven of 13 populations with a difference greater than 10% in four populations; educational attainment for 26 of 27 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 24 populations; and economic status for 15 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 14 populations.Interpretation: We systematically collated data across a broader sample of countries and indicators than done in previous studies. Taking into account the UN Sustainable Development Goals, we recommend that national governments develop targeted policy responses to Indigenous health, improving access to health services, and Indigenous data within national surveillance systems.
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| 8. |
- Boyd, Sally, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Storstadsungdomars deltagande i den pågående förändringen av ä-ljudet
- 2013
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Ingår i: Svenskans beskrivning 33, 15-17 maj 2013, Helsingfors.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskning om språkkontakt i Skandinaviens storstäder har ofta fokuserat på språkdrag vilka upplevs som nya och framträdande (bl a. Kotsinas 1994, Ganuza 2008, Svendsen & Røyneland 2008, Quist 2008, Källström & Lindberg 2011). I denna studie undersöker vi ett mindre framträdande språkdrag som har konstaterats vara under pågående förändring i svenska, nämligen öppningen av ä-ljudet, för att se om ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund deltar på samma sätt som övriga ungdomar i denna förändring (Leinonen 2010, Gross 2012). Det kan tänkas antingen 1) att språkförändringen påskyndas av språkkontakten, 2) att ungdomarna med utländsk bakgrund inte deltar i förändringsprocessen eller 3) att det inte finns signifikanta skillnader mellan ungdomar med olika bakgrunder vad gäller denna vokal. Vår kvantitativa studie bygger på fonetiska analyser av sociolingvistiska intervjuer med 60 ungdomar från olika stadsdelar i Göteborg och Stockholm; hälften av ungdomarna har svenskfödda mödrar och hälften utlandsfödda. Första och andra formanten av tre långa referensvokaler, /ɛ:/ mättes samt /ɛ:/ i kontexten framför /r/ , normaliserades och analyserades statistiskt. Resultaten visar att den allofoniska alterneringen mellan [ɛ:] och [æ:] framför /r/ och retroflexa konsonanter kan vara på väg att försvinna, åtminstone för vissa talare. Det visar sig också att de som ”leder utvecklingen” och har det öppnaste uttalet är tjejer, ungdomar bosatta i Stockholm och ungdomar med utlandsfödda mödrar. Vår preliminära slutsats är ändå att ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund deltar på samma sätt som övriga ungdomar i förändringsprocessen, eftersom andra bakgrundsvariabler (kön och stad) verkar spela större roll i förändringen än föräldrarnas ursprungsland.
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| 9. |
- Boyd, Sally, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Variation and Change in the Vowels of Multilingual Swedish Youth
- 2013
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Ingår i: The 9th International Symposium on Bilingualism, 10-13 June 2013, Singapore. - 9789810767587
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Variation and Change in the Vowels of Multilingual Swedish Youth Sally Boyd 1,a , Johan Gross 1,b , Therese Leinonen 2,c and James Walker 3,d 1 University of Gothenburg, Sweden 2 Society of Swedish Literature in Finland 3 York University, Toronto, Canada a sally.boyd@gu.se, b gusgrosjo@student.gu.se, c therese.leinonen@gmail.com, d jamesw@york.ca Language contact in modern urban Scandinavia is the subject of recent studies (e.g. Kotsinas, 1994, Svendsen & Røyneland, 2008, Quist, 2008, Källström & Lindberg, 2011), which tend to focus on salient majority-language linguistic features used by multilingual youth of non-Scandinavian background in contrast with monolingual Scandinavian youth. However, many such features turn out to be infrequent or show no significant difference between monolingual and multilinguals (author1 et al., in press). In this study, we focus on less salient ongoing variation and change in the Swedish vowel system (author3, author2), to determine the extent to which multilingual urban youth in Sweden participate in ongoing changes. The data for this study come from recorded sociolinguistic interviews with mul- tilingual and monolingual youth in three cities. Using interviews with 60 speakers from Stockholm and Gothenburg, half of whom have Swedish as a second language or coordinate first language, we measured a representative sample of tokens of the first and second formant values for three long vowels, though here we focus on / ä :/. After coding the tokens for a series of linguistic and social factors, we used Rbrul (Johnson, 2009) to conduct regression analyses. Preliminary results show that youth in Stockholm tend to have higher F1 values than those in Gothenburg and a possible merger between allophones of / ä :/ before /r/ and elsewhere. Differences between multilinguals and monolinguals are small but statistically significant: monolinguals tend to produce a slightly more retracted [ Ä :] (i.e. they have a lower F2) than multilinguals. Furthermore, monolinguals with more diverse social networks tend to have values that are intermediate between other monolinguals and multilinguals.These results indicate that monolingual and multilingual Swedish youth participate fully in patterns of variation and change in the contemporary vowel system, though their pattern of participation may serve to identify them with the multicultural urban setting.
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| 10. |
- Cannadine, David, et al.
(författare)
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The country house : past, present, future
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From The Crown to Downton Abbey, the country house speaks to our fantasies of rustic splendor, style, and escape. Featuring three hundred photos from the National Trust, this lavish book draws back the curtain on the finest and most important historic homes in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, revealing these great houses’ intriguing pasts, grand interiors, and vibrant reinventions for the enjoyment of modern-day visitors, residents, and armchair travelers. Locations include Knole, Cragside, Castle Howard, Chatsworth, Polesden Lacey, Petworth, Castle Bodiam, Blenheim, Longleat, and dozens more. Illuminating essays by country house expert Jeremy Musson, legendary British author and historian David Cannadine, and contributing writers and scholars provide unique insight into centuries of life in a historic home. This is a rich visual resource for lovers of sumptuous interiors on a human scale, as well as grand exterior architecture and gorgeous landscapes. For Anglophiles, royals watchers, and lovers of the country house lifestyle, architecture, and interior design, this is a magnificent new look at landmark British country houses, the treasures they contain, and how they speak to our fantasies of rustic splendor and escape today
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