| 1. |
- Berg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing limit values for pine needle litter decomposition : A synthesis for boreal and temperate pine forest systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 100:1, s. 57-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We synthesized available data for decomposition of pine (Pinus) needle litter in pine forests to determine the litter chemical characteristics and climate factors that explained variation in the limit value, i. e. the level of accumulated mass loss at which the decomposition process either continues at a very low rate or possibly stops. Our data base included 56 separate studies on decomposition of pine needle litter, spanning Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Aleppo pine, stone pine and white pine, mainly incubated at the site of collection. Studies had 5 to 19 samplings, on average 10, and the decomposition was followed to a mass loss ranging from 47 to 83%, on average 67%. The periods from 3.0 to 5.4 years, on average 3.9 years, were of sufficient duration to allow estimates of limit values of decomposition. We used a linear mixed model with regression effects to relate limit values to potential explanatory variables, namely the sites' long-term mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) and to substrate-chemistry factors. Regarding the latter, we explored two models; one that included initial concentrations of water solubles, lignin, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn and one that included only lignin, N, Ca, and Mn to focus on those nutrients known to influence lignin degradation. Using backward elimination significant explanatory variables were determined. For litter decomposed in its site of origin we found the limit value to depend mainly on the initial concentration of Mn, with higher Mn concentrations resulting in higher accumulated mass loss. Thus, litter with higher Mn reached a higher limit value and left a smaller stable fraction. This is likely due to the fact that Mn is an essential component of ligninolytic enzymes important for degrading litter in the later stages of decomposition. Manganese has received little attention in decomposition studies to date. Given its significance in this synthesis, the role of Mn in influencing variation in the late stages of decomposition among ecosystems and among litters of other genera besides Pinus deserves further attention.
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| 2. |
- Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of development of fatigue during a simulated ambulance work task from physical performance tests.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 47:11, s. 1238-1250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were (1) to identify which physical performance tests could best explain the development of fatigue during a simulated ambulance work task, (2) to investigate the effect of height and weight and (3) to investigate in what respects these findings differ between female and male ambulance personnel. Forty-eight male and 17 female ambulance personnel completed a test battery assessing cardio-respiratory capacity, muscular strength and endurance, and co-ordination. The subjects also completed a simulated ambulance work task -- carrying a loaded stretcher. The work task was evaluated by development of fatigue. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to investigate to what extent the tests in the test battery were able to explain the variance of developed fatigue. The explained variance was higher for female than for male ambulance personnel (time > 70% of HRpeak: R2 = 0.75 vs 0.10, accumulated lactate: R2 = 0.62 vs 0.42, perceived exertion: R2 = 0.75 vs 0.10). Significant predictors in the models were VO2max, isometric back endurance, one-leg rising, isokinetic knee flexion and shoulder extension strength. Height, but not weight, could further explain the variance. The high physical strain during carrying the loaded stretcher implies the importance of investigating whether improved performance, matching the occupational demands, could decrease the development of fatigue during strenuous tasks.
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| 3. |
- Béland, M. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Optical measurement and perception of gloss quality of printed matte-coated paper
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Pulp and Paper Science (JPPS). - : Canadian Pulp & Paper Assoc, Montreal, Canada. - 0826-6220. ; 26:3, s. 120-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set of 32 commercially produced and printed matte-coated papers were rated for gloss quality by a panel of 13 expert judges and light-scattering distributions, gloss and gloss variation of the prints were measured. Fitting the light-scattering distributions to Von Mises distributions, we obtain a factor, kappa, related to the width of the distribution and sensitive to small changes in surface roughness. This factor relates very well with the subjective rating. Gloss variation in the 3.3 to 6.6 mm wavelength band also correlates well with the gloss quality rating. The topography of the samples was also measured using confocal microscopy and a good correlation was found between the median facet angle and the kappa values.
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| 4. |
- Bombardi, C., et al.
(författare)
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Immunohistochemical localization of alpha(1a)-adrenoreceptors in muscle spindles of rabbit masseter muscle
- 2006
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Ingår i: Tissue & Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-8166 .- 1532-3072. ; 38:2, s. 121-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of alpha(1a)-adrenoreceptors (alpha(1a)-ARs) within the muscle spindles of rabbit masseter muscle was investigated. The alpha(1a)-ARs were detected by immunohistochemical fluorescent method and examined along the entire length of 109 cross serially sectioned spindles. The sympathetic fibers were visualized by the immunofluorescent labeling of the noradrenaline synthesizing enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). In order to recognize the intrafusal muscle fiber types, antibodies for different myosin heavy chain isoforms (MyHCI) were used. TH and DBH immunolabeled nerve fibers have been observed within the capsule lamellar layers, in the periaxial fluid space and close to intrafusal muscle fibers. The alpha(1a)-ARs were detected on the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels coursing in the muscle and in the capsule lamellar layers or within the periaxial fluid space of the spindles. Moreover, at the polar regions of a high percentage (88.1%) of muscle spindles a strong alpha(1a)-ARs immunoreactivity was present on the intrafusal muscle fibers. In double immunostained sections for alpha(1a)-ARs and MyHCI it was evidenced that both bag, and nuclear chain fibers express alpha(1a)-ARs. The receptors that we have detected by immunofluorescence may support a direct control by adrenergic fibers on muscle spindle.
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| 5. |
- Gardulf, A., et al.
(författare)
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The Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale: Self-reported competence among nursing students on the point of graduation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 36, s. 165-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: International organisations, e.g. WHO, stress the importance of competent registered nurses (RN) for the safety and quality of healthcare systems. Low competence among RNs has been shown to increase the morbidity and mortality of inpatients. Objectives: To investigate self-reported competence among nursing students on the point of graduation (NSPGs), using the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale, and to relate the findings to background factors. Methods and participants; The NPC Scale consists of 88 items within eight competence areas (CAs) and two overarching themes. Questions about socio-economic background and perceived overall quality of the degree programme were added. In total, 1086 NSPGs (mean age, 28.1[20-56] years, 87.3% women) from 11 universities/university colleges participated. Results: NSPGs reported significantly higher scores for Theme I "Patient-Related Nursing" than for Theme II "Organisation and Development of Nursing Care". Younger NSPGs (20-27 years) reported significantly higher scores for the CAs "Medical and Technical Care" and "Documentation and Information Technology". Female NSPGs scored significantly higher for "Value-Based Nursing". Those who had taken the nursing care programme at upper secondary school before the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) programme scored significantly higher on "Nursing Care", "Medical and Technical Care", "Teaching/Learning and Support", "Legislation in Nursing and Safety Planning" and on Theme I. Working extra paid hours in healthcare alongside the BSN programme contributed to significantly higher self-reported scores for four CAs and both themes. Clinical courses within the BSN programme contributed to perceived competence to a significantly higher degree than theoretical courses (932% vs 875% of NSPGs). Summary and conclusion: Mean scores reported by NSPGs were highest for the four CAs connected with patient-related nursing and lowest for CAs relating to organisation and development of nursing care. We conclude that the NPC Scale can be used to identify and measure aspects of self-reported competence among NSPGs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, P M, et al.
(författare)
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Low-temperature isolation of disease-suppressive bacteria and characterization of a distinctive group of pseudomonads
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 69:11, s. 6464-6474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of environmental factors during isolation on the composition of potential biocontrol isolates is largely unknown. Bacterial isolates that efficiently suppressed wheat seedling blight caused by Fusarium culmortun were found by isolating psychrotrophic, root-associated bacteria and by screening them in a bioassay that mimicked field conditions. The impact of individual isolation factors on the disease-suppressive index (DSI) of almost 600 isolates was analyzed. The bacteria originated from 135 samples from 62 sites in Sweden and Switzerland. The isolation factors that increased the probability of finding isolates with high DSIs were sampling from arable land, Swiss origin of samples, and origination of isolates from plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. The colony morphology of the isolates was characterized and compared to DSIs, which led to identification of a uniform morphological group containing 57 highly disease-suppressive isolates. Isolates in this group were identified as Pseudomonas sp.; they were fluorescent on King’s medium B and had characteristic crystalline structures in their colonies. These isolates were morphologically similar to seven strains that had previously been selected for suppression of barley net blotch caused by Drechslera teres. Members of this morphological group grow at 1.5degreesC and produce an antifungal polyketide (2,3-deepoxy-2,3-didehydrorhizoxin [DDR]). They have similar two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles, phenotypic characteristics, and in vitro inhibition spectra of pathogens. In summary, in this paper we describe some isolation factors that are important for obtaining disease-suppressive bacteria in our system, and we describe a novel group of biocontrol pseudomonads.
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| 7. |
- Jonsäll, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of genotype and rearing system on sensory characteristics and preference for pork (M. Longissimus dorsi)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 13:2, s. 73-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study concerns sensory quality, consumer preference, and thawing and cooking losses of loin muscle (M. Longissimus dorsi) from Hampshire crosses of different genotypes. Half of the pigs were organically reared, the others conventionally reared. A selected and trained panel carried out descriptive tests showing that loin from organically reared pigs scored lower for juiciness and higher for crumbliness than loin from conventionally reared pigs. Loin from RN− carriers compared with loin from non-carriers scored higher for tenderness, juiciness, acidulous taste and meat taste and lower for crumbliness. Loin from gilts scored higher for juiciness and lower for off-flavour than loin from castrated males. Two consumer tests were performed. Rearing system did not influence the consumer preference for pork loin, while RN− loins were preferred to loins from non-carriers. Neither rearing system nor genotype affected thawing or cooking losses. Loin from females, however, had higher thawing loss than loin from castrated males.
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| 8. |
- Jägerbrand, Annika K., et al.
(författare)
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Uppdatering och nya effektsamband i effektmodellen för viltolyckor
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Viltolyckor i Sverige är ett växande problem som leder till dödade och skadade personer, liksom skador på fordon och dödade djur. Viltolyckor har samhällsekonomiska kostnader som behöver kvantifieras för att man ska kunna räkna ut kostnadsnyttan av åtgärder som förebygger viltolyckor, såsom exempelvis viltstängsel eller passager. Effektmodellen för viltolyckor utvecklades under 1980-talet och ingår i EVA (effekter vid väganalyser) men är idag till vissa delar föråldrad på grund av utvecklingen som skett avseende trafiksäkerhet, viltolyckssammansättning, datasystem, kunskap och forskning. Den existerande effektmodellen bygger på risk för viltolyckor per km väg per län i tre trafikflödesklasser för älg och summerat ihop för rådjur/ren. Detta projekt har haft som mål att uppdatera effektmodellen för viltolyckor genom att inkludera aktuella data på viltolycksfördelningar och mörkertal, beakta flera viltslag (älg, rådjur, hjort och vildsvin) och involvera flera variabler som kan vara av betydelse för olyckorna: t.ex. viltets populationsstorlek, vägstandard, trafikarbete, hastighet, viltstängsel, landskapstyp och viltets populationsstorlek. Arbetet har delats upp i tre huvudsakliga delar. Den första delen omfattade att ta fram ny kunskap om sambanden mellan viltolyckor, trafikarbete, och viltpopulationer där också landskapsvariabler ingår samt kostnadsberäkningar baserat på olika typer av prognoser på längre sikt. En annan del omfattade att ta fram ny viltolycksstatistik baserat på GIS-analyser för uppdaterade effektsamband för viltolyckor (olycksfrekvens per km väg), ÅDT1 , vägstandard och stängsel samt nya skattningar av mörkertal. Den tredje delen omfattade att ta fram nya värden för skadeföljd och skadekonsekvenser för olika viltslag för 2010–2016. Resultaten från första delen av projektet visar att utifrån ett oförändrat jakttryck kommer viltolyckorna att öka med 12% från 2015 fram till 2030, mestadels på grund av en fördubbling av vildsvinsolyckor medan risken för olycka med älg och rådjur minskar något. Vid minskat jakttryck under samma period visar resultaten att det är teoretiskt möjligt att viltolyckorna istället kommer att öka med 50%. Beräknade kostnader för viltolyckor år 2030 (ASEK 6) varierar mellan 1 707 och 7 556 miljoner kronor beroende på antaganden om jakttryck och skadekostnader. Olyckor med rådjur svarar för den största delen av olyckorna under hela perioden, men olyckor med vildsvin ökar mest under samtliga scenarier. Prognos för kostnadsberäkningar av viltolyckor för Västra Götaland och Skåne inkluderas som exempel. Data från 2010–2016 visar att viltolyckorna ökat mer eller mindre konstant sen 2003 och att ökningen i olyckstal över åren sker med snabbare takt än ökningen i trafikarbetet. På mindre vägar tilltar olycksfrekvenser med ökande trafikarbete fram till en genomsnittlig trafikvolym av omkring 5 000 ÅDT. På större vägar avtar däremot olycksfrekvensen med stigande trafik. Olycksfrekvensen är högst på mellanstora vägar men avtar på trafiktunga vägar och på vägar med hög hastighet. Uppdaterade värden för skadeföljd och skadekonsekvens baserades på uttag ur STRADA2 och NVR3 2010–2016 och endast polisrapporterade olyckor (förutom för RPMI4 värden där även sjukhusrapporter ingick). Skadeföljden visar att dödade och skadade personer i älg- och rådjur/hjortolyckor har minskat och justeringar i de nya värdena har gjorts. För skadekonsekvenser föreslås nya värden för älgolyckor medan föregående värden behållits för rådjur/hjort och även föreslås för vildsvin. Nya värden för skadeföljd föreslås för rådjur/hjort och vildsvin. Slutligen diskuteras antagande i effektmodellen och resultat utifrån trafiksäkerhetsutvecklingen, relevanta viltolycksfrågor, samt några utvalda aspekter inför effektmodellens implementering.
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| 9. |
- Kalezic, Ivana, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue-related depression of the feline monosynaptic gastrocnemius-soleus reflex
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - London : Cambridge U. P.. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 556:1, s. 293-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In decerebrate cats, changes in the monosynaptic reflex (MSR) of gastrocnemius-soleus (G-S) motoneurones were studied after fatiguing stimulation (FST) of the G-S muscles. Monosynaptic reflexes were evoked by stimulation of Ia fibres in the G-S nerve and recorded from a filament of ventral root (VR) L7. FST (intermittent 40 s(-1) stimulation for 10-12 min) was applied to the distal part of the cut VR S1. FST reduced MSR amplitudes to 0.64 +/- 0.04 (mean +/-s.e.m.) of the prefatigue values. The suppression remained stable for approximately 25 min and then MSR amplitudes gradually returned towards the normal. To test for the involvement of presynaptic and recurrent inhibition, MSRs were conditioned by stimulation of the nerve to the posterior biceps and semitendinosus (PBSt) muscles or a filament of VR L7, respectively. The intensity of presynaptic inhibition (reduction of the normalized value of MSR amplitude during conditioning) increased from 0.19 +/- 0.02 in prefatigue to 0.44 +/- 0.04 within a 5.3-18.2 min interval after FST, followed by a recovery. In contrast, the intensity of recurrent inhibition first diminished from 0.23 +/- 0.02 in prefatigue to 0.15 +/- 0.01 within 15.6-30.1 min after FST and then gradually recovered. Both primary afferent depolarization and the intensity of antidromic discharges in primary afferents increased with the presynaptic inhibition intensity. These results demonstrate a fatigue-related suppression of Ia excitation of synergistic motoneurones, probably arising from the activation of group III and IV afferents. The effects could in part be due to increased presynaptic inhibition, while recurrent inhibition plays a minor role.
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| 10. |
- Korzhavyi, Pavel A., 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Ab Initio Study of Phase Equilibria in TiCx
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : The American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 88:1, s. 015505-1-01505-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phase diagram for the vacancy-ordered structures in the substoichiometric TiCx (x=0.5-1.0) has been established from Monte Carlo simulations with the long-range pair and multisite effective interactions obtained from ab initio calculations. Three ordered superstructures of vacancies (Ti2C, Ti3C2, and Ti6C5) are found to be ground state configurations. Their stability has been verified by full-potential total energy calculations of the fully relaxed structures.
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