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Sökning: WFRF:(Johansson A) > Licentiatavhandling

  • Resultat 1-3 av 3
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1.
  • Johansson, Annelie, 1973- (författare)
  • När kroppen sviker : -en livsvärldsstudie om kvinnors erfarenheter av hälsa, sjukdom och vård i samband med en hjärtinfarkt
  • 2005
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis for a licentiate degree is a Caring Science lifeworld study the purpose of which is to describe women’s experiences of illness, health and care following a myocardial infarction. It consists of two studies (Papers I and II) which form the first part of a doctoral dissertation. Cardio-vascular disorders are a major public health problem today. Besides the impact these disorders have on public finances, a disease such as myocardial infarction entails suffering for the afflicted person. Current research indicates that women measure their health as lower than men following a myocardial infarction. There is still a lack of knowledge on how to understand women’s health process following a myocardial infarction, and how to provide them with the support needed to promote good health and well-being. Paper I explores women’s experiences of their lifeworld and body following a myocardial infarction. Paper II explores women’s experiences of the care and health process following a myocardial infarction, with a particular focus on their experience of participation. The method of reflective lifeworld research, based on phenomenological epistemology, is used to explore the meaning that is experienced in the lived world of the patient. This research finds that women describe that their lives come to a stand-still following a myocardial infarction. They perceive their bodies as having failed them, which entails existential uncertainty, meaning that the women no longer feel secure about their bodies or life, itself. Their suffering is difficult to understand, both for themselves and for those around them, and the women suffer in silence. Health-care professionals have the potential to promote health by supporting the women towards greater participation and independence in the health process. Participation, however, is not limited to concrete participation in care, but in offering health care based on women’s perspective of how their life situations changed following the illness. This will provide the women with the support they need to discover their own health promoting resources, and to become friends with their bodies and the life that follows a myocardial infarction.
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2.
  • Nilsson, Josefin A., 1985- (författare)
  • Juvenile birch in Sweden : Selected stem characteristics for interior and furniture applications
  • 2019
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In response to the furniture industry’s growing demand for raw material, large volumes of juvenile silver birch and downy birch stems available from pre-commercial thinning operations in Sweden’s forests could offer solutions. However, such stems are not currently used on an industrial scale, and most research conducted on birch stems in general has neither focussed on young trees nor the potential use of the central stem part around the tree pith. The resulting lack of knowledge about the juvenile part of birch wood thus requires additional information about the material properties of birch, which could encourage its use for various purposes in the furniture and other industries.The initial literature review performed for this thesis has highlighted some properties of juvenile birch required for its use as a furniture material, as well as identified topics concerning the physical characteristics of juvenile birch about which knowledge is currently limited. Consequently, the objectives of this thesis were to explore some characteristics of juvenile birch—bark thickness, wood-to-bark bonding ratio after drying, variations in the density and width of growth rings, and anatomical growth response to fertilisation—in order to increase the knowledge.The material studied came from mixed birch and Norway spruce stands at two sites in southern Sweden, namely Asa and Toftaholm. The birch stems were naturally regenerated silver birch and downy birch, with breast height diameters between 30 and 83 mm. Fertilised and unfertilised silver birch trees were sampled at Toftaholm, whereas unfertilised stems of silver birch and downy birch were sampled at Asa. The characteristics of stems from the pith to bark (radial direction) and along the stem (longitudinal direction) were measured. The wood-to-bark bonding ratio on downy birch after drying was calculated as the percentage of the stem circumference with full contact between the wood and bark, while oven-dry density and basic wood density for silver birch were determined by using the water displacement method. The impact of ring width on wood density was statistically analysed, and an image analysis of the wood anatomy was conducted to elucidate their relationship.Amongst the results, bark thickness along the stem had the highest deviation in the section closest to the stump. Moreover, the wood-to-bark bonding ratio after drying measured for juvenile downy birch seemed to depend more on the stem’s diameter than the sampling height along the stem. Such results are relevant for processors seeking to estimate the volume of wood under the bark. The wood-to-bark bonding ratio was highest for diameters between 30 and 39 mm, and neither did that relationship correlate with the sampling height along the stem.Variation in wood density in the radial and longitudinal directions in juvenile silver birch suggested that such density negatively correlated with growth rate (ring width). That relationship held true for stems at each site and between the sites, irrespective of management or growing conditions. As expected, mean wood density was lower in fertilised trees than in unfertilised ones, and towards the bark, radial density increased more in trees that grew more slowly. At the same time, variation in longitudinal density in young silver birch trees was low. Quantitative wood anatomy studies confirmed that the fertilised juvenile birch had younger cambia, thinner cell walls, and fewer vessels per mm2 than unfertilised trees in the same diameter class.Overall, the knowledge generated in the study may facilitate the industrial use of juvenile birch stems and wood in interior and furniture applications. The role of wood anatomy in determining the mechanical performance of juvenile birch stems should be further examined, however, to possibly reveal new opportunities for the use of juvenile birch.
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3.
  • Werner, Lena, 1983- (författare)
  • It's who you know and what you know : exploring the relationship between education and prejudice in adolescence
  • 2019
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Previous studies have consistently identified an association between higher levels of education and lower levels of anti-immigrant sentiment, but the underlying reasons for this relationship remain unclear. Therefore, this research aims to help explain why education matters for attitudes toward immigrants. This thesis consists of two studies, where in I examine the role of two features of education, specifically the aquistition of knowledge and social relationships.In the first study, I analyze how two aspects of teaching in schools are associated with anti-immigrant sentiment. I examine education as a means to knowledge by investigating whether the content of education, such as critical thinking and multicultural education, is inversely related to students' prejudice. I also look into the certification of teachers and whether this has a similar effect.In the second study, I investigate the school as an arena for social interaction and examine the relationship between outgroup contact and prejudiced attitudes. Previous research has found that outgroup contact, especially contact in the form of outgroup friendship, is effective in reducing prejudice. Based on these previous findings, I study how the Secondary Transfer Effect (STE) of friendship with a specific outgroup member is associated with attitudes towards other ethnic or racial groups.Method: The two studies rely on a cross-sectional survey of Swedish high school students (aged 16-18) administered by 'Forum för levande historia' (Forum for living history) and Statistics Sweden during the 2009-2010 academic year. Additionally, survey participants' responses are matched to registry data. This thesis also uses multilevel (MLM) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models.Results: Results show that both aspects of education are correlated with lower levels of anti-immigrant sentiment. The first study, in which education is a means to knowledge, demonstrates that education focused on critical thinking and multiculturalism are negatively correlated with anti-immigrant sentiment. Furthermore, results show that more exposure to teachings about xenophobia and racism is associated with less prejudice. However, when controlling for exposure to critical thinking, as well as learning about religions and cultures, the results show that exposure to learning about xenophobia and racism are no longer significant. Moreover, there is a negative association between exposure to teachers with a teaching certification or teaching degree and prejudice.Results from the second study, in which the school functions as an arena for social interaction, shows that positive attitudes associated with intergroup friendship not only generalize to the ethnic outgroup of that friend but, more importantly, also to other secondary outgroups. STEs are most frequently found where boundaries between ingroups and outgroups are perceived to be the thickest. Thus, the presence of STEs appears to be group-specific. Previous research on perceived social distance in Sweden and other countries help shed light on these findings.In summary, the results of this thesis provide evidence of two different complimentary accounts of the negative relationship between education and prejudice.
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