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| 2. |
- Claesson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Annual variation in elemental, dioxin and PCB content within Swedish waste fuels : results from two plants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings Sardinia 2009, Twelfth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy; 5-9 October 2009. ; , s. 347-348
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports on the annual variation of the composition of waste fuels fed to two different Waste to Energy (WtE) plants in Sweden. Twelve waste fuel samples from one year of sampling in each plant were analysed with Ion Chromatography and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy to study the variation of elements within and between the fuels of the two different plants and also to investigate any seasonal variations. The ultimate analyses show that the composition was rather similar throughout the sampling period for both plants, respectively. However, there was a larger variation in the content of ash forming elements within and between the plants. Trace metals, present in low concentrations, showed the widest relative variation. The samples were also analysed for dioxin and PCB content. The reported average value for all samples is 29 ± 15 ng I-TEQ dioxin per kilo dry waste. The calculated toxicity of twelve PCB congeners, reported as WHO-PCB, is less or close to the detection limit < 0.02 μg PCB WHO-TEQ per kilo dry waste.
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| 3. |
- Claesson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical characterization of waste fuel for fluidized bed combustion
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combustible waste is very heterogeneous and the variation in chemical composition is of great significance for the performance of the combustors in terms of boiler availability and power efficiency. For example, the content of alkali, Chlorine and sulfur affect agglomeration, fouling and corrosion mechanisms, which often limits the steam data and requires counteracts such as soot blowing and outages. An increased knowledge on favorable levels and ratios of fuel components are therefore highly important when developing waste combustors, both existing and future. However, to be able to make good predictions of reactions, reliable fuel analyses are a necessity and they are difficult to perform because of the heterogeneity of waste. As a consequence, it is also difficult to complete pro-active measure to reduce unwanted reactions. This work has investigated the composition of the fuel during one year in a 40 MW commercial BFB waste plant. Twelve samples have been performed in order to estimate the variation of key components. The fuel samples were analyzed chemically for alkali and several other components of interest, such as Cl and S. Moreover, thermo-chemical multi-phase equilibrium calculations were performed for prediction of the chemical composition of the furnace in the temperature range 400-1000 ºC. In this temperature range NaCl and PbClx are formed as well as gas phase HCl and solid silicates. Furthermore, the calculations show that the chemistry is very sensitive to the input chemical composition, suggesting that already a minor shift in fuel mineral matter may change the behavior of the fuel radically in terms of its fouling and corrosion tendency.
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| 6. |
- Lantz, B., et al.
(författare)
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Incentive Schemes and Female Leadership in Financial Firms
- 2013
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Ingår i: Corporate Board. - : Virtus Interpress. - 1810-8601 .- 2312-2722. ; 9:1, s. 40-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To explore how performance in Swedish financial companies is affected by the presence of a female chief executive officer (CEO), the presence of an incentive scheme, and the proportion of female board members. Design/methodology/approach: Our sample consists of data from the last 10 years of all the 43 companies within GICS 40 listed at the Swedish stock exchange OMX Stockholm. We used multiple regressions to explore the association between the explanatory and firm performance variables. Findings: The results indicate that a female CEO is associated with a lower return on equity (ROE) and a lower Tobin’s Q, but we find no significant association between the proportion of female board members and firm performance. An incentive scheme is generally associated with a lower return on assets (ROA) and a higher Tobin’s Q. In particular, a share-based incentive scheme is associated with a lower ROA, a lower ROE, and a higher Tobin’s Q. Originality/value: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to analyse governance in financial firms with respect to female leadership as well as to incentive schemes. We conclude that governance structures in financial firms need to balance accounting-based and market-based performance. A large focus on share prices, especially at a certain time, may create short-term effects that need not necessarily be optimal in the long run for shareholders.
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| 7. |
- Rajendran, Karthik, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and economical evaluation of a novel biogas digester
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 74, s. 183-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many developing countries face an energy demand to satisfy the daily needs of the people. Household biogas digesters are among the interesting solutions to meet the energy demands for cooking and lighting, and at the same time taking care of the kitchen wastes. In this study, a novel textile-based biogas digester was developed. The digester was evaluated for biogas production from a synthetic nutrient and an organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) as substrates for more than a year. The obtained biogas productivity in both experiments was 570 L/kgVS/day, which indicates that the digester is as efficient in handling of OFMSW as the synthetic nutrients. Based on the obtained biogas production data, the techno-economic evaluation and sensitivity analysis for the process were performed, replacing LPG and kerosene consumption with biogas in households. A 2-m3 digester can supply the fuel needed for cooking for a family of 4–6 people. The sum of investment and 15-years operational costs of this digester was 656 USD, which can be compared with 1455 USD for subsidized-LPG and 975 USD for kerosene, respectively. The results from the sensitivity analysis show that it was a positive investment, unless the price of kerosene goes down to less than 0.18 USD/L.
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| 8. |
- Ravn-Fischer, A, et al.
(författare)
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Prehospital ECG signs of acute coronary occlusion are associated with reduced one-year motality
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 168:4, s. 3594-3598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We wanted to evaluate predictors of direct admittance to a coronary care unit (CCU) and predictors of death in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS: During 2004-2007, all consecutive prehospitally triaged patients with suspected ACS were prospectively included. Prehospital and emergency data were collected at point of care. Data from medical records, ECG-, echocardiography- and laboratory databases was collected retrospectively. RESULTS: In all, 2757 patients were included. Out of these 858 were directly admitted to the CCU or cath/lab. Predictors for direct admittance to the CCU were ST-segment elevation on the initial ECG; odds ratio (OR) 46.11, left bundle branch block; OR 3.30, ongoing symptoms; OR 2.90, current smoking; OR 2.18 and ST-segment depression; OR 2.05. Independent predictors for 1-year mortality were cardiogenic shock; OR 14.40, increasing age OR (per year) 1.08, diabetes; OR 2.09 and chronic heart failure; OR 1.67. ST-segment elevation was associated with a lower 1-year mortality rate; OR 0.52. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with a suspected ACS, prehospital ECG-signs indicating an acute coronary occlusion were not only a predictor for direct admission to acute coronary care but also a predictor for increased survival. To improve future outcome in acute ischemic heart diseases we must find and treat not only the STEMI's but also the high-risk NSTEMIs that otherwise would have a poor prognosis.
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