| 1. |
- Furukawa, Toshi A., et al.
(author)
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Dismantling, optimising, and personalising internet cognitive behavioural therapy for depression : a systematic review and component network meta-analysis using individual data
- 2021
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In: Lancet psychiatry. - London, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 2215-0374 .- 2215-0366. ; 8:6, s. 500-511
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Findings We identified 76 RCTs, including 48 trials contributing individual participant data (11 704 participants) and 28 trials with aggregate data (6474 participants). The participants' weighted mean age was 42.0 years and 12 406 (71%) of 17 521 reported were women. There was suggestive evidence that behavioural activation might be beneficial (iMD -1.83 [95% credible interval (CrI) -2.90 to -0.80]) and that relaxation might be harmful (1.20 [95% CrI 0.17 to 2.27]). Baseline severity emerged as the strongest prognostic factor for endpoint depression. Combining human and automated encouragement reduced dropouts from treatment (incremental odds ratio, 0.32 [95% CrI 0.13 to 0.93]). The risk of bias was low for the randomisation process, missing outcome data, or selection of reported results in most of the included studies, uncertain for deviation from intended interventions, and high for measurement of outcomes. There was moderate to high heterogeneity among the studies and their components. 511
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| 2. |
- Hu, Min, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Fiber Orientation Model for Timber
- 2016
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In: Wood and Fiber Science. - 0735-6161. ; 48:4, s. 271-290
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wood is an orthotropic material with very different properties along and across fibers, and every board has its own pattern of knots and fiber deviations. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) fiber orientation of individual boards would enable more accurate assessment of properties such as stiffness, strength, and shape stability. This paper presents a method for modeling 3D fiber orientation of side boards of Norway spruce. The method is based on dot laser scanning and utilization of the tracheid effect, and it is verified by a comparison between strain fields calculated on the basis of the fiber orientation model and corresponding strains determined using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. By means of the method, it is possible to identify knots and to reproduce the fiber orientation in clear wood in the vicinity of knots. Fiber orientation models of side boards including traversing edge knots were established and integrated in finite element models of boards used for simulation of four-point bending tests. The same boards were also tested in laboratory and displacement fields of the wide faces were recorded at different load levels using DIC technique. Comparisons of strain fields from measurements and simulations showed close agreement, regarding both strain patterns and strain levels. Local strain concentrations caused by very small defects were detected using the models and also found from the laboratory test results. The modeling approach may be used both to achieve improved accuracy of existing machine strength grading methods and, after further development, also for more advanced analysis of eg crack propagation and strength of timber.
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| 3. |
- Karyotaki, Eirini, et al.
(author)
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Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression : A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Network Meta-analysis
- 2021
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In: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 78:4, s. 361-371
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Personalized treatment choices would increase the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for depression to the extent that patients differ in interventions that better suit them.OBJECTIVE: To provide personalized estimates of short-term and long-term relative efficacy of guided and unguided iCBT for depression using patient-level information.DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to January 1, 2019.STUDY SELECTION: Eligible RCTs were those comparing guided or unguided iCBT against each other or against any control intervention in individuals with depression. Available individual patient data (IPD) was collected from all eligible studies. Depression symptom severity was assessed after treatment, 6 months, and 12 months after randomization.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We conducted a systematic review and IPD network meta-analysis and estimated relative treatment effect sizes across different patient characteristics through IPD network meta-regression.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores.RESULTS: Of 42 eligible RCTs, 39 studies comprising 9751 participants with depression contributed IPD to the IPD network meta-analysis, of which 8107 IPD were synthesized. Overall, both guided and unguided iCBT were associated with more effectiveness as measured by PHQ-9 scores than control treatments over the short term and the long term. Guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT (mean difference [MD] in posttreatment PHQ-9 scores, -0.8; 95% CI, -1.4 to -0.2), but we found no evidence of a difference at 6 or 12 months following randomization. Baseline depression was found to be the most important modifier of the relative association for efficacy of guided vs unguided iCBT. Differences between unguided and guided iCBT in people with baseline symptoms of subthreshold depression (PHQ-9 scores 5-9) were small, while guided iCBT was associated with overall better outcomes in patients with baseline PHQ-9 greater than 9.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this network meta-analysis with IPD, guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT for individuals with depression, benefits were more substantial in individuals with moderate to severe depression. Unguided iCBT was associated with similar effectiveness among individuals with symptoms of mild/subthreshold depression. Personalized treatment selection is entirely possible and necessary to ensure the best allocation of treatment resources for depression.
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| 4. |
- Kyhn, Maria Voss, et al.
(author)
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Delayed administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protects retinal ganglion cells in a pig model of acute retinal ischemia
- 2009
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In: Experimental Eye Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4835 .- 1096-0007. ; 89:6, s. 1012-1020
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates whether intravitreal administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhances survival of NeuN positive retinal cells in a porcine model of retinal ischemia. 16 pigs were subjected to an ischemic insult where intraocular pressure was maintained at 5 mmHg below mean arterial blood pressure for 2 h. The mean IOP during the ischemic insult was 79.5 mmHg (s.e.m. 2.1 mmHg, n = 15). Three days after the insult the pigs received an intravitreal injection of GDNF microspheres or blank microspheres. The pigs were evaluated by way of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), quantification of NeuN positive cells and evaluation of the degree of retinal perivasculitis and inflammation 6 weeks after the insult. In the post-injection eyes (days 14, 28 and 42), the ratios of the iN1 and the iP2 amplitudes were 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05-0.15) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04-0.16) in eyes treated with blank microspheres, and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.18-0.32) and 0.23 (95% CI: 0.15-0.33) in eyes treated with GDNF microspheres. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The number of NeuN positive cells in the area of the visual streak area was significantly higher in eyes injected with GDNF microspheres compared to eyes injected with blank microspheres. In eyes injected with GDNF microspheres the ganglion cell count was 9.5/field (s.e.m.: 2.1, n = 8), in eyes injected with blank microspheres it was 3.5/field (s.e.m.: 1.2, n = 7). This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was also a significant difference (P < 0.01) in the degree of perivasculiitis between GDNF treated eyes (median perivasculitis score 1.5) and blank treated eyes (median perivasculitis score 3.0). In conclusion, injection of GDNF microspheres 3 days after an ischemic insult results in functional and morphological rescue of NeuN positive cells in a porcine model of acute ocular ischemia. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Olsson, Anders, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Förfarande och anordning för utvärdering av en bräda av trä
- 2014
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Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Föreliggande redogörelse avser en metod och en anordning för utvärdering av en bräda av trä med en ländriktning. Data som indikerar fiberorienteringen över brädans yta inhämtas och för ett antal underpartier hos brädan bestäms en nominell, lokal elasticitetsmodul, MOE, på basis av nämnda fiberorienteringsdata och en nominell materialparameter. En nominell global MOE i längdriktningen för träbrädan i sin helhet genereras och jämförs med en sekundär global MOE. På basis av nämnda fiberorienteringsdata och denna jämförelse genereras en uppskattad lokal elasticitetsmodul, MOE, i nämnda längdriktning för ett flertal underpartier. Dessa data kan användas för exempelvis tillförlitlig hållfasthetsgradering av träbrädor.
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| 6. |
- Olsson, Anders, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Prediction of timber bending strength and in-member cross-sectional stiffness vartiation on basis of local wood fibre orientation
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - : Springer. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 71:3, s. 319-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Machine strength grading of structural timber is based upon relationships between so called indicating properties (IPs) and bending strength. However, such relationships applied on the market today are rather poor. In this paper, new IPs and a new grading method resulting in more precise strength predictions are presented. The local fibre orientation on face and edge surfaces of wooden boards was identified using high resolution laser scanning. In combination with knowledge regarding basic wood material properties for each investigated board, the grain angle information enabled a calculation of the variation of the local MOE in the longitudinal direction of the boards. By integration over cross-sections along the board, an edgewise bending stiffness profile and a longitudinal stiffness profile, respectively, were calculated. A new IP was defined as the lowest bending stiffness determined along the board. For a sample of 105 boards of Norway spruce of dimension 45 × 145 × 3600 mm, a coefficient of determination as high as 0.68-0.71 was achieved between this new IP and bending strength. For the same sample, the coefficient of determination between global MOE, based on the first longitudinal resonance frequency and the board density, and strength was only 0.59. Furthermore, it is shown that improved accuracy when determining the stiffness profiles of boards will lead to even better predictions of bending strength. The results thus motivate both an industrial implementation of the suggested method and further research aiming at more accurately determined board stiffness profiles.
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| 7. |
- Oscarsson, Jan, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Determination of tensile strain fields in Norway spruce side boards using two master-slave connected contact-free measurement systems based on digital image correlation.
- 2011
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In: Proceedings (Poster session) of the 17th International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium, Sopron, Hungary, September 14-16, 2011..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A sample of nine Norway spruce side boards of narrow dimensions were tested in tension according to the standard EN 408. Strain fields were simultaneously measured using two master-slave connected measurement systems based on digital image correlation (DIC). Each system performed a separate measurement project measuring about 50% of the measurable length of each board and the results were combined, visualized and evaluated as one project using specific DIC software. The objectives were to investigate the possibility of measuring strain fields by use of multi-system measurements, to analyze the strain field distribution and to investigate the possibility of determining local modulus of elasticity (MOE) using strain field measurements. The results show that longitudinal strain fields were useful for identification of areas with reduced stiffness, that lateral board displacements, measured by the DIC systems, can be applied for identification of local defects, and that strain fields can be used for local MOE determination.
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| 8. |
- Oscarsson, Jan, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Determining tensile strain fields in Norway spruce side boards using two master-slave connected digital image correlation systems
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Machine strength grading of structural timber is in general based upon statistical relationships between bending strength and other timber properties (so called indicating properties). The overall aim of the research presented in this report was to investigate the possibility of obtaining a better understanding of such relationships using a contact-free deformation measurement technique based on digital image correlation (DIC). A sample of nine Norway spruce (Picea abies) side boards of narrow dimensions was tested in tension according to the European Standard EN 408. Deformations and strain fields along flatwise board surfaces were simultaneously determined using two master-slave connected DIC measurement systems. Each system performed a separate measurement project measuring slightly more than 50 % of the measurable length of each board and the results were combined, visualized and evaluated as one project using specific DIC software. The objectives were to investigate the possibility of identifying strain fields on timber pieces of narrow dimensions by use of multi-system measurements, to analyze the strain field distribution, and to investigate the possibility of determining local modulus of elasticity (MOE) using deformations and strain fields occurring on board surfaces. The results show that longitudinal strain fields can be useful for identification of areas with reduced stiffness and that lateral board displacements, measured by the DIC systems, can be applied for identification of local defects. Promising results were also achieved as regards local MOE determination on the basis of strain field measurements.
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| 9. |
- Oscarsson, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Strength grading of narrow dimension Norway spruce side boards in the wet state using first axial resonance frequency
- 2011
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In: International Wood Products Journal. - Leeds/London United Kingdom : Maney Publishing. - 2042-6445. ; 2:2, s. 108-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Strength grading of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) side boards in the wet state was investigated. For a sample of 58 boards, density and dynamic modulus of elasticity in the axial direction, MOEdyn, were determined in the wet state. The boards were then split into two parts and the procedure of determining MOEdyn was repeated both before and after the boards were dried to a target moisture content of 12 %. Finally, tensile strength of the split boards was measured and its relationship to MOEdyn for both wet and dried split boards determined. The investigation also included an evaluation of a so called reversed lamination effect on the stiffness caused by the splitting of boards into two parts. The results show that strength grading of split boards in the wet state can give just as good results as grading performed after drying. The reversed lamination effect on the stiffness of split boards was found to be of lower order.
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| 10. |
- Oscarsson, Jan, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Strength grading of wet Norway spruce side boards by use of axial dynamic excitation
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2010, WCTE 2010, Riva del Garda, Trento, Italy, June 20-24. - : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781622761753 ; , s. 1601-1606
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Strength grading of Norway spruce side boards in the wet state was investigated. For a batch of 58 boards, densities and dynamic modulus of elasticity in the axial direction, MOEdyn, were determined in the wet state. The boards were then split into two parts and the procedure of determining MOEdyn was repeated both before and after the boards were dried to a target moisture content of 12 %. Tensile strength of the split boards was measured and its relation to MOEdyn for both split and unsplit boards determined. A so called reversed lamination effect on the stiffness caused by the splitting of boards into two parts was also evaluated. The results show that strength grading of split boards in the wet state could give just as good results as grading performed after drying. The reversed lamination effect on the stiffness of split boards was found to be of lower order.
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