| 1. |
- Assarsson, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Gender inequality and adolescent suicide ideation across Africa, Asia, the South Pacific and Latin America : a cross-sectional study based on the Global School Health Survey (GSHS)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Suicide ideation is a health issue affecting adolescents worldwide. There are significant variations in suicide ideation between countries and genders, which have not been fully explained. Research is especially lacking in countries outside Europe and North America. Gender equality has been shown to matter in other aspects of adolescent mental health, such as life satisfaction, but has not been researched in relation to suicide ideation at national level.Objective: To investigate how national gender inequality is related to self-reported suicide ideation among adolescents, and whether this association differs between boys and girls.Methods: This is a cross-national, cross-sectional study using individual survey data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey, a survey in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the South Pacific, developed and supported by among others the WHO and the CDC; connecting this to national data: the gender inequality index from the UNDP; controlling for GDP per capita and secondary school enrolment. The data was analysed using a multilevel logistic regression method and included 149,306 students from 37 countries.Results: Higher national gender inequality, as measured by the gender inequality index, was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of suicide ideation in both girls and boys (odds ratio: 1.38 p-value: 0.015), but for girls and both sexes this was only after adjusting for selection bias due to secondary school enrolment (as well as GDP/capita). Interaction models showed that this association was stronger in boys than in girls.Conclusions: National gender inequality seems to be associated with higher levels of suicide ideation among adolescents in mainly low- and middle-income countries, especially among boys.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective well-being and job satisfaction among self-employed and regular employees : does personality matter differently?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0827-6331 .- 2169-2610. ; 28:1, s. 55-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the importance of personality traits for subjective well-being (SWB) and job satisfaction among self-employed. The aim of this article is to investigate if the Big-Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience) have different relationships with SWB and job satisfaction among self-employed compared with regular employees. Data come from a Swedish survey comprising representative samples of self-employed (n = 2483) and regular employees (n = 2642). Personality traits are measured using a 10-item personality measure. Our findings show that there are only small differences, between self-employed and regular employees, in the associations between personality traits and SWB. For job satisfaction, on the other hand, we find much stronger relationships for self-employed than the regularly employed. For self-employed, every personality trait except ‘openness to experience’ have a significant positive relationship with job satisfaction. In comparison, only ‘extraversion’ and ‘emotional stability’ are significantly correlated to job satisfaction among regular employees. The relationship between ‘extraversion’ and job satisfaction was furthermore substantially weaker among regular employees. Therefore, being self-employed seems to be particularly beneficial for individuals scoring high on ‘extraversion,’ ‘agreeableness,’ and ‘conscientiousness.’
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| 3. |
- Brydsten, Anna, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Youth unemployment and functional somatic symptoms in adulthood : Results from the Northern Swedish cohort
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:5, s. 796-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little is known about the possible long-term health consequences of youth unemployment. Research indicates that unemployment may lead to socioeconomic downward mobility and mental health problems, but we still lack knowledge of the long-term health consequences of youth unemployment. This article examines the potential long-term association between youth unemployment and functional somatic symptoms in adulthood. Methods: The ‘Northern Swedish cohort’ was used with data from five data collections, from 1981 (age 16) until 2007 (age 42). Youth unemployment was measured as months in unemployment between age 16 and 21, and health outcome as functional somatic symptoms (an index of 10 items of self-reported symptoms). Linear regression was used to analyse the relationship between months in youth unemployment and functional somatic symptoms at age 21 and age 42, stratified for women and men and adjusted for potential confounders, such as time spent in education at age 21 and later unemployment between age 21 and 42. Results: Youth unemployment was significantly related to functional somatic symptoms at age 21 for men after controlling for confounders, but not for women. Among men, the association remained for functional somatic symptoms at age 42, after controlling for confounders. Conclusions: Adolescence seems to be a sensitive period during which unemployment could have remaining health effects in adulthood, at least for men, though assumptions of causality are tentative and more research is needed.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A qualitative analysis of burnout in elite Swedish athletes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 9:6, s. 800-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To extend the understanding of burnout in elite athletes, including personal experiences and perceived antecedents.Design and Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Swedish 22- to 26-year-old elite athletes who had quit sport due to burnout. The interview transcripts were inductively analyzed using qualitative conten tanalysis.Results: The findings support the notion of athlete burnout as a multidimensional syndrome. While stressors like multiple demands, ‘‘too much sport,’’ lack of recovery and high expectations were considered primary causes of burnout by the respondents, high motivation, unidimensional athletic identity, self-esteem strivings, high ego goals, negative perfectionist traits and feelings of entrapment were also found to be critical contributors. These restraining factors explained why the athletes continued their participation in sport despite a progressive worsening of their condition, and are therefore potentially crucial in the development of burnout.Conclusion: Athlete burnout appears to be a complex interaction of multiple stressors, inadequate recovery and frustration from unfulfilled expectations, which is explained partly by maladaptive perfectionist traits and goals. This process is fuelled by a strong drive to validate self-worth, sometimes in conjunction with feelings of entrapment.
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| 5. |
- Hill, Kimberley M., et al.
(författare)
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Connecting Through Dance : Understanding Conscious Clubbing Event Experiences
- 2022
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 32:11, s. 1721-1731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals abstaining from alcohol consumption frequently find themselves in contexts encouraging consumption, with limited alternative social interaction opportunities. Conscious clubbing events exclude alcohol and drugs, possibly providing valuable social connections, but little is known about event benefits. Twelve conscious clubbing event attendees and facilitators aged 25-55 from across Europe participated in semi-structured photo-elicitation interviews, which were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings suggested that conscious clubbing appears to enhance health, healing and growth, aiding recovery from substance dependency and trauma. Positioned as a modern ritual, symbolic and ritualistic preparations and experiences promoted storytelling and self-discovery. Connecting through synchronised but unchoreographed movement, participants engaged in powerful journeys and transformative experiences detached from life constraints. Inclusive digital and face-to-face conscious clubbing communities provided a sense of meaning and belonging away from substance use pressures and harms, particularly for those marginalised within society. Findings provide important and in-depth insights, including novel harm prevention implications. Future work should consider participatory barriers, event sustainability and misconceptions to increase event availability and participation.
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| 6. |
- Högberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing, health inequalities and the welfare state : a multilevel analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of European Social Policy. - London : Sage Publications. - 0958-9287 .- 1461-7269. ; 28:4, s. 311-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative studies of health inequalities have largely neglected age and ageing aspects, while ageing research has often paid little attention to questions of social inequalities. This article investigates cross-country differences in gradients in self-rated health and limiting long-standing illness (LLSI) in middle-aged and in older people (aged 50–64 and 65–80 years) linked to social class, and degrees to which the social health gradients are associated with minimum pension levels and expenditure on elderly care. For these purposes, data from the European Social Survey (2002–2010) are analysed using multilevel regression techniques. We find significant cross-level interaction effects between class and welfare policies: higher expenditure on elderly care and particularly more generous minimum pensions are associated with smaller health inequalities in the older age group (65–80 years). It is concluded that welfare policies moderate the association between social class and health, highlighting the importance of welfare state efforts for older persons, who are strongly reliant on the welfare state and welfare state arrangements such as pensions and care policies.
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| 7. |
- Högberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Education system stratification and health complaints among school-aged children
- 2019
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - Oxford, UK : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 220, s. 159-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research shows that the school environment is an important social determinant of health among children and adolescents. However, we know virtually nothing of the health consequences of national education systems and policies, for example the stratification of pupils by academic ability. This study aimed to investigate if education system stratification is related to self-reported psychological and somatic health complaints of pupils aged 11 to 15, and social inequalities in such health complaints.Survey data from the Health Behaviors of School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, covering 33 countries and more than 180 000 pupils in primary and lower secondary school, were used. Multilevel models showed that education system stratification was not associated with the average levels of health complaints of pupils, but cross-level interaction effects showed that stratification moderated the relationship between social background and health complaints, such that inequalities in health complaints were smaller in countries with more stratified systems. Moreover, this moderating effect was mediated by the school learning environmentand social relations in school. Specifically, social inequalities in school pressure, academic self-concept, school climate, and school satisfaction were smaller in more stratified education systems, which in turn accounted for smaller inequalities in health complaints in these countries.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Hantering av risk- och säkerhetsfrågor i svenska kommuner : Resultatet från en enkätundersökning
- 2006
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flertalet olyckor inträffar i människors vardagsliv inom trafik, boende, fritidsverksamhet, offentliga miljöer, osv. Dessa miljöer utgör också arenor för en mängd andra risker (sjukdomar, brottslighet, miljöförstöring, m m). Det finns därför anledning att försöka skapa en samlad bild av hur svenska kommuner idag hanterar risker ur olika synvinklar: Vilka typer av risker hanteras? Vilka metoder och verktyg används? Hur samverkar man mellan olika sektorer/aktörer och visavi medborgarna? Dessa frågeställningar bildar bakgrund till den enkätundersökning som genomfördes våren 2005 och som här presenteras översiktligt.Enkäten vände sig till ett strategiskt urval bland landets kommuner och sektorsområden. Totalt omfattades 1300 respondenter i 73 kommuner. Svarsfrekvensen varierade mellan kommuner och sektorsområden, men sammantaget har ett flertal svar inkommit från samtliga kommuner i urvalet vilket gör att resultaten ändå ger en bred belysning av kommunernas riskhantering.Den bild som framträder av kommunernas risk- och säkerhetsarbete visar att säkerhets- och trygghetsfrågorna är en viktig del av respondenternas dagliga yrkesutövning. De typer av risker, skador, olyckor eller störningar som de främst hanterar är; Skadegörelse, Brand i offentliga lokaler och Olyckor med farliga ämnen (fasta anläggningar).De metoder, verktyg eller underlag som respondenterna säger sig använda som stöd för att öka säkerheten i kommunen är framförallt: Riskinventeringar, Riskanalyser och Skyddsronder. De miljöer som respondenterna anger att deras förvaltning/funktion vanligen deltar i när det gäller inventering av risker är främst: Trafik och Skola och barnomsorg. De aktörer som respondenterna framhåller som medverkande i säkerhets- och trygghetsarbetet är framförallt: Räddningstjänsten, Teknisk förvaltning, Miljö och hälsa, Kommunledningen, Fysisk planering, Polisen och Socialtjänsten. Det framgår i studien att de undersökta förvaltningarna/funktionerna till stor del deltar i någon form av planering, förberedelse eller övning inför eventuella olyckor i sitt verksamhetsområde (ca 70 % av svaren) och de aktörer som oftast medverkar då uppges vara: Kommunal räddningstjänst, Krisgrupp och Polisen. Respondenterna anger också att deras förvaltning/funktion framförallt deltar i samhällsplaneringens arbete för att främja säkerhet och trygghet genom: remissbehandling, planeringsunderlag, expertutlåtande och samråd.Ca 75 % av respondenterna säger att det finns ett kommunövergripande handlingsprogram eller planer som syftar till att främja säkerheten och tryggheten för medborgarna. Av dessa svarar 86 % att deras förvaltning/funktion har i någon form medverkat vid framtagandet av programmet eller planen eller lämnat synpunkter på den. Respondenterna anger att för den egna förvaltningens/funktionens skadeförebyggande och säkerhetsfrämjande arbete är Samarbete/samverkan och Interna arbetsrutiner viktigast för det skadeförebyggande och säkerhetsfrämjande arbetet. Den samverkans- eller kontaktform som förefaller vara vanligast vid samverkan med andra förvaltningar/funktioner är framförallt personliga kontakter mellan tjänstemän (ca 65 % ansåg att det var mycket viktigt). Över hälften av respondenterna säger sig ha kontakt minst 1 gång månaden med annan kommunal förvaltning/funktion när det gäller säkerhets- och trygghetsrelaterade frågor.Intressant när det gäller respondenternas syn på sin förvaltnings/funktions samarbete och samverkan när det gäller säkerhets- och trygghetsarbete är att: 92 % anser att de själva är bra på att samarbeta med andra kommunala förvaltningar, trots detta håller 23 % inte med om att de är bra på att dela med sig av sina kunskaper till andra kommunala förvaltningar. Vidare anser 73 % att de arbetar tvärsektoriellt, samtidigt som 23 % inte håller med om att de arbetar aktivt för att öka mångfalden av perspektiv. Intressant i sammanhanget är även att 90 % säger sig vara öppna och lyhörda för omvärldens idéer, synpunkter och kritik.Hälften av respondenterna svarar att deras förvaltning/funktion använder någon form av statistik till hjälp för att identifiera riskfyllda miljöer eller riskutsatta personer. Noterbart är dock att mindre än 20 % av respondenterna på en annan fråga säger sig använda: Underlag från ambulanstjänst, Skaderegistrering vid vårdcentraler, RPS trygghetsundersökning och Skaderegistrering vid lokal akutmottagning. (Det bör dock påpekas att statistik från skaderegistrering inte är tillgänglig i alla undersökta kommuner). De problemområden medborgarna bjudits in till diskussion om rör framförallt: Trafikfarliga miljöer, Skadegörelse och Drogmissbruk. Kontakten med medborgarna när det gäller risk, säkerhet och trygghetsfrågor anges främst ske via Intresseorganisationer och Ideella föreningar. Fördjupade analyser av undersökningsresultaten kommer att publiceras separat.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Elisabeth, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing quality initiative - does the quality profile really change?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-3363 .- 1478-3371. ; 24:1-2, s. 79-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A firm working with quality management over time may change from total quality management to Six Sigma to lean production, but does this actually change the firm's quality profile? This paper seeks to identify specific quality profiles in service firms and how these profiles change over time. The empirical investigation is based on self-assessment studies conducted in 138 Swedish service firms. The results show that service firms often build up a specific quality profile, which they retain over time. The paper develops theoretical and managerial implications based on the research.
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| 10. |
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