| 1. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy use and climate change improvements of Li/S batteries based on life cycle assessment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753. ; 383, s. 87-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a life cycle assessment (LCA) study of a lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cell regarding its energy use (in electricity equivalents, kWhel) and climate change (in kg carbon dioxide equivalents, CO2 eq) with the aim of identifying improvement potentials. Possible improvements are illustrated by departing from a base case of Li/S battery design, electricity from coal power, and heat from natural gas. In the base case, energy use is calculated at 580 kWhel kWh−1 and climate change impact at 230 kg CO2 eq kWh−1 of storage capacity. The main contribution to energy use comes from the LiTFSI electrolyte salt production and the main contribution to climate change is electricity use during the cell production stage. By (i) reducing cell production electricity requirement, (ii) sourcing electricity and heat from renewable sources, (iii) improving the specific energy of the Li/S cell, and (iv) switching to carbon black for the cathode, energy use and climate change impact can be reduced by 54 and 93%, respectively. For climate change, our best-case result of 17 kg CO2 eq kWh−1 is of similar magnitude as the best-case literature results for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The lithium metal requirement of Li/S batteries and LIBs are also of similar magnitude.
|
|
| 2. |
- Sandahl, Johan, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Överdrivna slutsatser om gymnasieelevers demokratikunskaper
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Skola & Samhälle [S.O.S] Webbtidskrift. - : Föreningen Skola & Samhälle - webbtidskrift. - 2001-6727.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rapporten från Stiftelsen Rättsfonden om gymnasieelevers kunskaper om demokrati har både metodologiska och teoretiska brister. Eftersom rapporten saknar stöd för flera av de rekommendationer som lämnas är risken att föreslagna förändringar inte gör någon skillnad eller i värsta fall leder i fel riktning, skriver Johan Sandahl med flera, alla forskare i samhällsvetenskapernas didaktik.
|
|
| 3. |
- Wagner, Annemarie, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Carbon Dioxide Capture from Ambient Air Using Amine-Grafted Mesoporous Adsorbents
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Spectroscopy. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9457 .- 1687-9449. ; 2013
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been identified as a major contributor to climate change. An attractive approach to tackle the increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere is direct extraction via absorption of CO2 from ambient air, to be subsequently desorbed and processed under controlled conditions. The feasibility of this approach depends on the sorbent material that should combine a long lifetime with nontoxicity, high selectivity for CO2, and favorable thermodynamic cycling properties. Adsorbents based on pore-expanded mesoporous silica grafted with amines have previously been found to combine high CO2 adsorption capacity at low partial pressures with operational stability under highly defined laboratory conditions. Here we examine the real potential and functionality of these materials by using more realistic conditions using both pure CO2, synthetic air, and, most importantly, ambient air. Through a combination of thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR) spectroscopy we address the primary functionality and by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy the observed degradation of the material on a molecular level.
|
|
| 4. |
- Wickerts, Sanna, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. - 2168-0485. ; 11:26, s. 9553-9563
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery represents a promisingnext-generationbattery technology because it can reach high energy densities withoutcontaining any rare metals besides lithium. These aspects could giveLi-S batteries a vantage point from an environmental and resourceperspective as compared to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Whereas LIBsare currently produced at a large scale, Li-S batteries are not. Therefore,prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to assess the environmentaland resource scarcity impacts of Li-S batteries produced at a largescale for both a cradle-to-gate and a cradle-to-grave scope. Six scenarioswere constructed to account for potential developments, with the overallaim of identifying parameters that reduce (future) environmental andresource impacts. The specific energy density and the type of electrolytesalt are the two most important parameters for reducing cradle-to-gateimpacts, whereas for the cradle-to-grave scope, the electricity source,the cycle life, and, again, the specific energy density, are the mostimportant. Additionally, we find that hydrometallurgical recyclingof Li-S batteries could be beneficial for lowering mineral resourceimpacts but not necessarily for lowering other environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment of lithium-sulfurbatteries indicatesa similar environmental impact but a potentially lower mineral resourceimpact compared to lithium-ion batteries.
|
|
| 5. |
- Wickerts, Sanna, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Prospective life cycle assessment of sodium-ion batteries made from abundant elements
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 28:1, s. 116-129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Batteries are enablers for reducing fossil-fuel dependency and climate-change impacts. In this study, a prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) of large-scale production of two different sodium-ion battery (SIB) cells is performed with a cradle-to-gate system boundary. The SIB cells modeled have Prussian white cathodes and hard carbon anodes based only on abundant elements and thus constitute potentially preferable options to current lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells from a mineral resource scarcity point of view. The functional unit was 1 kWh theoretical electricity storage capacity, and the specific energy density of the cells was 160 Wh/kg. Data for the cathode active material come from a large-scale facility under construction and data for the SIB cell production is based on a large-scale LIB cell gigafactory. For other SIB cell materials, prospective inventory data was obtained from a generic eight-step procedure developed, which can be used by other LCA practitioners. The results show that both SIB cells indeed have considerably lower mineral resource scarcity impacts than nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC)-type LIB cells in a cradle-to-gate perspective, while their global warming impacts are on par. Main recommendations to SIB manufacturers are to source fossil-free electricity for cell production and use hard carbon anodes based on lignin instead of phenolic resin. Additionally, since none of the assessed electrolytes had clearly lower cradle-to-gate impacts than any other, more research into SIB electrolyte materials with low environmental and resource impacts should be prioritized. An improvement of the SIB cell production model would be to obtain large-scale production data specific to SIB cells.
|
|
| 6. |
- Adebahr, Josefina, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Ab initio calculations, Raman and NMR investigation of the plastic crystal di-methyl pyrrolidinium iodide
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - 0013-4686. ; 48:14-16, s. 2283-2289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Above 110 °C the symmetric di-methyl-pyrrolidinium iodide salt forms a plastic crystal phase of interest in the area of new electrolyte materials. In this study ab initio calculations of this material has been conducted in order to assign the vibrational spectra. Raman spectroscopy measurements on the solid salt as well as on the salt dissolved in different solvents has been performed and these have been compared to the theoretical spectra. Furthermore, Raman spectra as a function of temperature have been recorded to investigate possible changes in inter-ionic interaction and/or structure through the phase transition. 1 H NMR linewidth measurements as a function of temperature showed a large decrease in linewidth above 100 °C, attributed here to an increase in mobility in agreement with a previously reported phase transition at ∼ 110 °C. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ahmad Ishfaq, Hafiz, 1995, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced performance of lithium metal batteries via cyclic fluorinated ether based electrolytes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Energy Storage Materials. - 2405-8297. ; 69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To address the challenges associated with applying high-voltage cathodes in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) there is a need for new electrolytes enabling stable interphases at both electrodes. Here we attack this by using a dioxolane-derived cyclic fluorinated ether, 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (BTFD), as a fluorinated diluent to a 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) based electrolyte. The cells using the resulting BTFD-based electrolytes exhibit higher Coulombic efficiencies for lithium stripping and plating as compared to those using the non-fluorinated ether-based electrolyte. This originates from the reduced formation of ‘dead Li’ at the anode, as shown by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In practice, the BTFD-based electrolytes are shown to improve the performance of Li||NMC cells, which is due to the formation of a predominantly inorganic cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) that suppresses the cathode degradation during cycling. We used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to characterize the CEIs’ overall composition and structure. To obtain more details on the CEI speciation, Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were employed, assisted by molecular level computations. Overall, we demonstrate how the very design of the electrolyte composition influences the performance of LMBs.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ahmed, Mukhtiar, et al.
(författare)
-
Aromatic Heterocyclic Anion Based Ionic Liquids and Electrolytes
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 25:4, s. 3502-3512
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five new ionic materials comprising fluorine-free aromatic heterocyclic anions based on pyridine and pyrazine combined with a common n-tetrabutylphosphonium cation, (P4444)+, result in two room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), one semi-solid, and two organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) with melting points >20 °C. The OIPCs showed a plastic crystalline phase, multiple solid–solid transitions, and plastic crystalline and melt phases. For both the neat RTILs and the Li+ conducting electrolytes, the nature and strength of the ion–ion interactions mainly depend on the position of the nitrogen atom with respect to the carboxylate group in the anions. Furthermore, for the RTILs the ionic conductivity is effected by the electronic structure and flexibility of the ions and the anions diffuse faster than the (P4444)+ cation, but are slowed down in the electrolytes due to the strong electrostatic interactions between the carboxylate group of the anions and the Li+, as shown both experimentally and computationally. Overall, this study describes the effect of structural tuning of aromatic anions on the ion–ion interactions and introduces new ionic materials with promising properties to be used as solid and liquid electrolytes in energy storage devices.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ahmed, Mukhtiar, et al.
(författare)
-
Ionic Liquids and Electrolytes with Flexible Aromatic Anions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 29:41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five new n-tetrabutylphosphonium (P4444)+ cation based ionic liquids (ILs) with oligoether substituted aromatic carboxylate anions have been synthesized. The nature and position of the oligoether chain affect thermal stability (up to 330 ºC), phase behaviour (Tg < -55 ºC) and ion transport. Furthermore, with the aim of application in lithium batteries, electrolytes were created for two of the ILs by 10 mol% doping using the corresponding Li-salts. This affects the ion diffusion negatively, from being higher and equal for cations and anions to lower for all ions and unequal. This is due to the stronger ionic interactions and formation of aggregates, primarily between the Li+ ions and the carboxylate group of the anions. Electrochemically, the electrolytes have electrochemical stability windows up to 3.5 V, giving some promise for battery application.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ahmed, Mukhtiar, et al.
(författare)
-
Pyrrolidium- and Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids and Electrolytes with Flexible Oligoether Anions
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ChemPhysChem. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1439-7641 .- 1439-4235. ; 25:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new class of fluorine-free ionic liquids (ILs) and electrolytes based on aliphatic flexible oligoether anions, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetate (MEA) and 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetate (MEEA), coupled with pyrrolidinium and imidazolium cations is introduced. For the ILs with MEEA anions, Li+ conducting electrolytes are created by doping the ILs with 30 mol % of LiMEEA. The structural flexibility of the oligoether functionality in the anion results in glass transition temperatures (Tg) as low as −60 °C for the neat ILs and the electrolytes. The imidazolium-based ILs and electrolytes reveal better thermal stabilities but higher Tg and lower electrochemical stabilities than the corresponding pyrrolidinium-based analogues. All neat ILs show comparable transport properties for the cations and these decrease by the addition of lithium salt – the pyrrolidinium-based electrolyte being affected the most.
|
|
