| 1. |
- Joffrin, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Larsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxidation of iron at 600 degrees C - experiments and simulations
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pure iron has been oxidized at 600°C and 1bar in dry O2 (oxygen partial pressure 0.05, bal. N2) and the mass gain as well as the thicknesses of the individual oxide phases have been measured. The oxidation process has been simulated using a modified version of the homogenization model as implemented in Dictra; this has helped to rationalize the kinetics of oxide scale formation and in particular the evolution of the hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and wustite (FeO) which form. Independently assessed thermodynamic and kinetic Calphad databases are needed for the calculations; details of these are given. Reasonable agreement between simulation results and experimental data is obtained, though it is concluded that the large influence of grain boundary diffusion on the oxidation rate needs further consideration.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Kotta, Jonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Cleaning up seas using blue growth initiatives: Mussel farming for eutrophication control in the Baltic Sea
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 709
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 The Authors Eutrophication is a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems globally with pronounced negative effects in the Baltic and other semi-enclosed estuaries and regional seas, where algal growth associated with excess nutrients causes widespread oxygen free “dead zones” and other threats to sustainability. Decades of policy initiatives to reduce external (land-based and atmospheric) nutrient loads have so far failed to control Baltic Sea eutrophication, which is compounded by significant internal release of legacy phosphorus (P) and biological nitrogen (N) fixation. Farming and harvesting of the native mussel species (Mytilus edulis/trossulus) is a promising internal measure for eutrophication control in the brackish Baltic Sea. Mussels from the more saline outer Baltic had higher N and P content than those from either the inner or central Baltic. Despite their relatively low nutrient content, harvesting farmed mussels from the central Baltic can be a cost-effective complement to land-based measures needed to reach eutrophication status targets and is an important contributor to circularity. Cost effectiveness of nutrient removal is more dependent on farm type than mussel nutrient content, suggesting the need for additional development of farm technology. Furthermore, current regulations are not sufficiently conducive to implementation of internal measures, and may constitute a bottleneck for reaching eutrophication status targets in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere.
|
|
| 8. |
- McPhillips, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Plasmonic Sensing Using Nanodome Arrays Fabricated by Soft Nanoimprint Lithography
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:31, s. 15234-15239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arrays of gold-coated nanodomes were fabricated on glass substrates using a soft nanoimprint lithography technique. Optical transmission measurements revealed complex plasmonic resonances that proved highly sensitive to the array dimensions, the thickness of the gold layer, and the refractive index of the surrounding medium. As one promising application for these structures, the refractive index sensing capabilities of the nanodome arrays were assessed.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bennett, J. R. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Measurements of intense beams of Li-11 from a tantalum foil target
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 155:4, s. 515-517
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yields of Li-11 from a tantalum target, constructed from very thin foils, have been measured at ISOLDE and found to be an order of magnitude greater than those previously measured for a standard roll foil target. The modifications to the existing target designs were based on theoretical modelling calculations. The tantalum foils are 2 mu m thick and the target mass is only one tenth of normal foil targets. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bennett, J. R. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Release studies of a thin foil tantalum target for the production of short-lived radioactive nuclei
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 701, s. 327C-333C
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements have been made at ISOLDE, of the release curves and yields of radioactive beams of lithium, sodium and beryllium from a target constructed from 2 pm thick foils. The release curves have been analysed by fitting to a mathematical model to determine the coefficients of diffusion of the particles in the foils and effusion through the target and ionizer at several temperatures. Through a better understanding of the rate of transport of the particles, it is possible to design targets and ionizers with improved yields. This is most important for the rare, short-lived isotopes in which there is considerable interest for physics experiments. This target has demonstrated large increases in the yields of Li-11 and Be-12, in agreement with the predictions of the model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
